hepatoma

α-Lipoic Acid (DL-α-Lipoic acid) an octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.

Matrine (Vegard), an alkaloid isolated from the Sophora genus, acts as a kappa opioid receptor agonist.

1. Isofraxidin (Phytodolor) protects leukemia cells from radiation-induced apoptosis via ROS/mitochondria pathway in a p53-independent manner. 2. Isofraxidin has a protective effect against LPS-induced ALI, and the protective effect of Isofraxidin seems to result from the inhibition of COX-2 protein expression in the lung, which regulates the production of PGE2. 3. Isofraxidin possesses significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities that may be mediated through the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2.

(S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin (10-HCPT) is a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor used as a clinical therapeutic agent against hepatoma.

α-Lipoic Acid (Alphalipoic acid) inhibits NF-κB-dependent HIV-1 LTR activation. α-Lipoic Acid induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells.α-Lipoic Acid is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes.

1. Berberine (Umbellatine) is a potent oral hypoglycemic agent with beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. 2. Berberine may as a broad-spectrum anti-microbial medicine, a complementary therapeutic agent for HIV/AIDS. 3. Berberine seems to act as an herbal antidepressant and a neuroprotector against neurodegenerative disorders. 4. Berberine is used in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. As a natural dye, berberine has a colour index of 7516. 5. Berberine reduces hepatic fat content in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; also prevents proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are central for the development of fibrosis during liver injury. 6. Berberine can ameliorate proinflammatory cytokines-induced intestinal epithelial tight junction damage in vitro, and berberine may be one of the targeted therapeutic agents that can restore barrier function in intestinal disease states. 7. Berberine has antineoplastic effects, including breast cancer, leukemia, melanoma, epidermoid carcinoma, hepatoma, pancreatic cancer, oral carcinoma, tongue carcinoma, glioblastoma, prostate carcinoma and gastric carcinoma, etc.

Alternariol is a natural product extracted from Etoac that demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo in murine hepatoma cells and in human serum, with additional effects on toll-like receptor signaling and regulation of pro-apoptotic protein expression. Alternariol has been shown to be inactive against methyl transferase enzymes, a feature relevant to its metabolic inactivation profile.

Musk tibetine reveals no genotoxicity in the micronucleus test with human lymphocytes and human hepatoma cell lines. Musk tibetene is a nitro musk compound with carcinogenic activity.

Galegine hydrochloride, a guanidine derivative derived from G. officinalis, plays a role in inducing weight loss in mice and has contributed to the development of biguanides, including metformin and phenformin. This compound stimulates AMPK activation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, L6 myotubes, H4IIE rat hepatoma, and HEK293 human kidney cell lines. Additionally, galegine hydrochloride exhibits antibacterial properties, particularly demonstrating a minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 mg/L against Staphylococcus aureus strains[1][2].

Corilagin has anti-inflammatory activity. Corilagin has a significant antitumour potential and lower toxicity in normal cells in vitro.Corilagin can enhance the cytotoxicity of both cisplatin and doxorubicin on the Hep3B hepatoma cells.Corilagin has antiviral activity, reduces the cytotoxicity induced by EV71 or CA16 on Vero cells with and IC50 value of 5.6 and 32.33 μg/mL, respectively. Corilagin shows the potential to protect against HSV-1-induced encephalitis, and the beneficial effects may be mediated by inhibiting TLR2 signaling pathways.Corilagin has antifibrotics property and is potentiated in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF), attenuates bleomycin-induced epithelial injury and fibrosis via inactivation of oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokine release and NF-κB and TGF-β1 signaling. Solvent:Pyridine, Methanol, Ethanol, etc.

Saikosaponin B2 acts on HCV E2 and inhibits infection by several genotypic strains and prevents binding of serum-derived HCV onto hepatoma cells. Saikosaponin B2 (5 μM) induces differentiation of B16 melanoma cells, with potentiation of expressions of tyr

Alpinetin ((-)-alpinetin) has antibacterial activity.Alpinetin has anti-inflammatory activity.Alpinetin can enhance the sensitivity of HepG2 hepatoma cells to the chemotherapeutic agent CDDP. Alpinetin has strong anti-hepatoma and pancreatic cancer cells effects, by inhibiting proliferation , regulating of the Bcl-2 family and XIAP expression, releasing of cytochrome c and activating caspases.

1. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (Dimethylacrylshikonin) is a promising agent for developing an improved strategy for radiotherapy against tumors. (a) Injection of Dimethylacrylshikonin combined with IR treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth of the HCT-116 xenograft. (b) Dimethylacrylshikonin significantly suppressed the growth of H(22) transplantable hepatoma, and induced the activation of caspase-3 . (c) Dimethylacrylshikonin inhibited growth of gastric cancer SGC-791 cells by inducing ERK signaling pathway. 2. Dimethylacrylshikonin inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in vitro by inducing apoptosis through the downregulation of Bcl-2, upregulation of Bax and partial inactivation of the NF-κB pathway.

Valepotriate (Valtrate) fraction can have sedative effects and affect behavioral parameters related to recognition memory. Valepotriates, a new class of cytotoxic and antitumor agents, they are very potent cytotoxic agents for the HTC hepatoma cells. Valepotriates may have a potential anxiolytic effect on the psychic symptoms of anxiety.

α-Lipoic Acid (Thioctic acid) sodium, an essential cofactor for mitochondrial enzyme complexes, functions as an antioxidant. It suppresses NF-κB-dependent activation of HIV-1 LTR [1] [2] [3] and induces ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells [4]. Furthermore, when combined with CPUL1 to form the self-assembled nanoaggregate CPUL1-LA NA, α-Lipoic Acid sodium enhances antitumor efficacy compared to CPUL1 alone [5].

Eclalbasaponin I has anti-oxidative, and antitumor activities, it reduces oxidative stress-induced neural cell death by autophagy activation, it can dose-dependently inhibit the proliferation of hepatoma cell smmc-7721 with the IC(50) value of 111.1703 ug

Hellebrigenin, as a selective inhibitor of MAPK signaling pathways (ERK, p38, JNK) and XIAP, effectively suppresses Akt expression and phosphorylation. This compound activates endogenous apoptosis pathways (including mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, Caspase family activation, and PARP cleavage) while modulating apoptosis-related protein expression. Hellebrigenin also induces DNA double-strand breaks to activate the ATM pathway, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and clonogenesis, primarily applied in research of oral squamous cell carcinoma and liver cancer.

Furomollugin has antiviral activity, it can strongly suppress the secretion of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), with IC50 = 2.0 micrograms/mL, in human hepatoma Hep3B cells.

3β-Hydroxy-urs-11-en-28,13β-olide shows a potent concentration-independent cytoprotective effect against CCl4-induced injury on human hepatoma cell line relative to silymarin as a reference standard. It exhibits weak-moderate antiproliferative activity ag

9-Methoxy-alpha-lapachone, a potential EPHX2 (Epoxide Hydrolase 2) inhibitor, also inhibits NF-κB in HepG2 hepatoma cells.

Chlorovaltrate K shows moderate cytotoxicity against lung adenocarcinoma (A 549), metastatic prostate cancer (PC-3M), colon cancer (HCT-8) and hepatoma (Bel 7402) cell lines with IC50 values of 0.89-9.76 uM.

Guajadial shows α-glucosidase inhibitory activities significantly and its activity was better than that of Acarbose.Guajadial may act as Selective Estrogen Receptors Modulators (SERMs), therefore holding significant potential for anticancer therapy, it ex

Jatamanvaltrate B shows cytotoxicity against lung adenocarcinoma (A549), metastatic prostate cancer (PC-3M), colon cancer (HCT-8),and hepatoma (Bel7402) cell lines.

Marginatoxin may be a promising chemopreventive agent for treating hepatocellular carcinoma, it induces human hepatoma BEL-7402 cells apoptosis in vitro and in vivo via activation of Fas/FasL-mediated apoptotic pathway.