cox-5

COX 5-LO-IN-1 is a cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor, and used for inflammatory and allergic disease states.

COX 5-LOX-IN-1 (compound 6b) is a potent dual inhibitor of COX 5-LOX with potential for inflammation disease research, having IC50s of 1.07, 0.55, and 0.28 μM for COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX enzymes, respectively [1].

COX-2 5-LOX-IN-3 (compound 5b) is a powerful dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, with IC50 values of 45.73 μM, 5.45 μM, and 4.33 μM for COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX, respectively, showing promise for the investigation of inflammatory diseases [1].

COX-2 5-LOX-IN-1 (compound 3a), a benzothiophen-2-yl pyrazole carboxylic acid derivative, is a potent dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-LOX, exhibiting superior analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties compared to Celecoxib and Indomethacin. It demonstrates strong inhibitory activity against COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX, with IC50 values of 12.13 μM, 0.4 μM, and 4.96 μM, respectively [1].

COX-2 5-LOX-IN-2 is a benzothiophen-2-ylpyrazole carboxylic acid derivative that inhibits both COX-2 and 5-LOX. COX-2 5-LOX-IN-2 (5b) has IC50 values of 5.40, 0.01, and 1.78 μM for COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX, respectively, and exhibits greater analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities than Celecoxib and Indomethacin.

COX-1 2-IN-5 (compound 2a) is a dual inhibitor of COX1 2, demonstrating inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 2.650 μM and 0.958 μM, respectively, and exhibits anticancer activity against liver cancer HepG2 cells with an IC50 of 60.75 μM [1].

COX-2 15-LOX-IN-5 (Compound 4f) functions as a dual inhibitor of COX-2 and 15-LOX, demonstrating both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties [1]. This compound effectively reduces NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages that is induced by lipopolysaccharide.

5-Aminosalicylic Acid (5-ASA) is a specific PPARγ agonist and also inhibits P21-activated kinase 1(PAK1) and NF-Κb. 5-Aminosalicylic Acid has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. 5-Aminosalicylic acid can inhibit the activity of osteopontin (OPN).

Resveratrol (SRT 501) is a polyphenolic natural product, a plant antitoxin with antioxidant and chemopreventive activities. Resveratrol has a wide range of targets including COX, SIRT, LOC, etc. Resveratrol induces autophagy and apoptosis.

1. Ginkgetin has anti-influenza virus and anti-fungal activities. 2. Ginkgetin has anti-inflammatory activity, can down-regulates COX-2 induction in vivo against skin inflammatory responses. 3. Ginkgetin is a good STAT3 inhibitor and may be a useful lead

RWJ 63556, an orally active inhibitor of COX-2 selective [5-lipoxygenase], exhibits anti-inflammatory activities.

S-2474, an inhibitor of COX-2 and 5-lipoxygenase, has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities and inhibits Abeta (25 - 35) and Abeta (1 - 40) induced cell death.

Aspirin is an orally active, selective, and irreversible inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 with IC₅₀ values of 5 and 210 μg/mL, respectively. It induces apoptosis, inhibits NF-κB activation and platelet prostaglandin synthesis, thereby preventing thrombosis. Additionally, it acts as a histone deacetylase inhibitor that upregulates p21, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-platelet aggregation activities. Aspirin is commonly used to induce gastric ulcer models.

Valdecoxib (SC 65872) is a prescription drug used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and painful menstruation and menstrual symptoms. It is classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, or NSAID, and should not be taken by anyone allergic to these types of medications.

Zileuton (A 64077) is a synthetic derivative of hydroxyurea with antiasthmatic properties. The leukotriene inhibitor zileuton blocks 5-lipoxygenase, which catalyzes the formation of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid; causes bronchodilation; decreases bronchial mucous secretion and edema; and may prevent or decrease the symptoms of asthma.

Fenbufen (Lederfen) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used primarily to treat inflammation in osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and tendinitis. It can also be used to relieve backaches, sprains, and fractures. Fenbufen is available as a capsule or tablet sold with the brand names Cepal, Cinopal, Cybufen, Lederfen, and Reugast. Fenbufen acts by preventing cyclooxygenase from producing prostaglandins which can cause inflammation.

Lornoxicam (Chlortenoxicam) (chlortenoxicam) is a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the oxicam class with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. Lornoxicam differs from other oxicam compounds in its potent inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis, a property that explains the particularly pronounced efficacy of the drug. Lornoxicam is approved for use in Japan.

Ciclopirox (HOE296b) exerts its action by binding to and chelating trivalent cations, such as Fe3+ and Al3+, thereby inhibiting the availability of essential co-factors for enzymes. Ciclopirox is a synthetic, broad-spectrum antifungal agent with additional antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. This may lead to a loss of activity of enzymes that are essential for cellular metabolism, the organization of cell wall structure and other crucial cell functions. In addition, ciclopirox exerts its anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase (COX).

2,6-Dichlorodiphenylamine, an analogue of Diclofenac Sodium, exhibits anti-Candida albicans activity. Diclofenac Sodium, a potent and nonselective COX inhibitor, has IC50 values of 4 and 1.3 nM for human COX-1 and COX-2 in CHO cells. [1]. Makoto Urai, et al. Potent Drugs That Attenuate anti-Candida albicans Activity of Fluconazole and Their Possible Mechanisms of Action. J Infect Chemother. 2014 Oct;20(10):612-5.

2,5-Di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) is an effective and selective endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor.

Roburic acid and phenethyl-trans-ferulate inhibit COX-1 and COX-2.

1. Cornuside (Comuside) has immunomodulatory activity . 2. Cornuside suppresses expression levels of cytokine-induced proinflammatory and adhesion molecules in the human endothelial cells. 3. Cornuside can treat myocardial I R and protect the liver from CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity, by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory responses. 4. Cornuside has anti-inflammatory activity by downregulations of iNOS and COX-2 due to NF-κB inhibition as well as the negative regulation of ERK1 2, p38, and JNK1 2 phosphorylations in RAW 264.7 cells. 5. Cornuside has protective potential against cerebral ischemic injury, may be due to the suppression of intracellular Ca(2+) elevation and caspase-3 activity, and improvements in mitochondrial energy metabolism and antioxidant properties.

MK-886 (L 663536) is an inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis, acting by inhibiting the 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP), and serves as a moderately potent PPARα antagonist.

Neochlorogenic acid (trans-5-O-Caffeoylquinic acid) is an antioxidant compound used in the treatment of oxidative stress and related afflictions.