Rosales

Xanthohumol, also known as 2', 4, 4'-trihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3'-prenylchalcone or desmethylxanthohumol, is a member of the class of compounds known as 3-prenylated chalcones. It inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 activity and shows chemopreventive effects.

Mulberrin (Kuwanon C) is an inhibitor of OATP2B1-mediated estrone-3-sulfate (E3S) uptake (IC50: 1.8 ±1.5 μM).

Moracin C, a natural compound found in Morus mesozygia, Morus alba var. multicaulis, is an anti-inflammatory agent. moracin C inhibits nitric oxide (NO) release and LPS-activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells.

1. Agrimol B is a main active ingredient isolated from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.

1. Tiliroside (Tribuloside) shows anticarcinogenic activity. 2. Tiliroside shows hepatoprotective activity. 3. Tiliroside shows antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, can inhibit neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders. 4. Tiliroside has anti-diabetic effect, are at least partially mediated through inhibitory effects on carbohydrate digestion and glucose uptake in the gastrointestinal tract. 5. Tiliroside and gnaphaliin are antioxidants against in vitro Cu(2+)-induced LDL oxidation in the same order of magnitude compared to that of the reference drug, probucol. 6. Tiliroside enhances fatty acid oxidation via the enhancement adiponectin signaling associated with the activation of both AMP-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and ameliorates obesity-induced metabolic disorders.

Eupalinolide B is a natural product ,and demonstrates potent cytotoxicity against A-549, BGC-823, SMMC-7721, and HL-60 tumour cell lines.

Maslinic acid (Crategolic acid) is a DNA polymerase B inhibitor.

Cannabigerol is a high affinity α±2-adrenergic receptor agonist, moderate affinity 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, and low affinity CB1 receptor antagonist ; also binds to the CB2 receptor; it can relieve interocular pressure, which may be of benefit in the treatment of glaucoma.

1-Deoxynojirimycin (Moranoline) is a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, suppressing postprandial blood glucose, thereby possibly preventing diabetes mellitus.

1. Morusin (Mulberrochromene) possesses antitumor effects of cell lines including HT-29, A549, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231, through suppressing STAT3 and NFκB attenuation mediated apoptosis induction. 2. Morusin possesses anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

1. Mulberroside has nephroprotective, hypoglycemic, and antidiabetic effects. 2. Mulberroside A is a glycosylated stilbene of oxyresveratrol; thus, the deglycosylation of Mulberroside A resulted in enhanced inhibition of melanogenesis. 3. Mulberroside A has anti-inflammatory antiapoptotic effects. by decreasing the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 and inhibiting the activation of NALP3, caspase-1, and nuclear factor-κB and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases, the c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38.

Eupalinolide A has the effects of relieving phlegm and relieving cough, clearing away heat and detoxification, diuretic swelling and reducing blood pressure.

Sanggenon C is a flavanone Diels-Alder adduct compound isolated from the root bark of Morus alba. Sanggenon C can inhibit NF-κB activity, inhibit the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW264.7 cells, and inhibit tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated cell adhesion and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression; Sanggenon C also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and also has the effect of inhibiting pancreatic lipase. [1,2]

Moracin M, a phenolic compound found in the skin of Morus alba Linn., effectively inhibits phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), exhibiting IC50 values of 2.9 μM and 4.5 μM for PDE4D2 and PDE4B2, respectively, and showing significantly lesser activity on PDE5A1 and PDE9A2 with values over 40 μM and 100 μM, respectively. This compound demonstrates notable anti-inflammatory activity.

1. N-trans-Feruloyltyramine (Feruloyltyramine)(NTF) has hepatoprotective effect. 2. NTF has antioxidative activity against Aβ(1-42)-induced neuronal death. 3. NTF is likely to inhibit COX enzymes, thereby suppressing P-selectin expression on platelets, is a platelet aggregation inhibitor. 4. NTF inhibits melanogenesis in a dose-dependent manner, NTF induces downregulation of tyrosinase resulted in suppression of melanin biosynthesis in murine B16 melanoma cells.

Sanggenon D (Sanggenone D), a small molecule compound from Morus alba Bark, is a GABA(A) receptor modulator with antioxidant and antibacterial activity, inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation, and inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus by modulating the fatty acid biosynthesis system.

Tormentic acid is a natural product. It has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic , anti-allodynic, and hepatoprotective properties,

Jujuboside A, a glycoside extracted from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, exhibits neurophysiological inhibitory effects and is considered a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt (Vitamin C sodium salt) is a more bioavailable form of vitamin C that is an alternative to taking ascorbic acid as a supplement.

Kuwanon E, a flavonoid obtained from Morus alba, has potential anti-inflammatory activity, inhibits TNF-α and IL-1β secretion, and suppresses NF-κB nuclear translocation in LPS-stimulated macrophages.

Cannabidivarin (GWP42006) is a potent inhibitor against gamma 2 subunit of GABAA receptors. it may serve as a novel drug with definite control over childhood absence epilepsy.

1. Kuwanon G (Moracenin B) as dual inhibitors of PTP1B and α-glucosidase enzymes, as well as insulin sensitizers, it may potentially be utilized as an effective treatment for Type II diabetes mellitus. 2. Kuwanon G has anti-inflammatory activity, it can attenuate atherosclerosis through inhibiting foam cell formation and inflammatory response. 3. Kuwanon G is a potent inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase B. 4. Kuwanon G shows acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase(BChE) inhibitory activities, it may be a promising candidate for preventive and therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease. 5. Kuwanon G prevents the pathological progression of allergic asthma through the inhibition of lung destruction by inflammation and immune stimulation. 6. Kuwanon G has antibacterial activity against oral pathogens. 7. Kuwanon G is a specific antagonist for the GRP-preferring receptor and can be useful for studying the physiological and pathological role of GRP.

α-Humulene (Alpha-caryophyllene) is extracted from S.officinalis essential oil.α-Humulene can inhibit tumor cell growth.α-Humulene also shows anti-inflammatory effects, probably by interfering with TNFalpha production and COX-2 and iNOS expression.