Magnoliopsida

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) is a natural phorbol ester that acts as an activator of PKC, SphK, and NF-κB, and is commonly used to induce differentiation of THP-1 cells and establish dermatitis models.

5-O-Caffeoylshikimic acid shows anti-oxidative activity; it also shows anti-inflammatory activity, the underlying mechanism was associated with downregulation of nuclear factor-κB.

Rocaglamide (Roc-A), isolated from the genus Aglaia, can be used to treat coughs, injuries, asthma, and inflammatory skin diseases. It is a potent inhibitor of NF-κB activation in T-cells.

Anisodine is an inhibitor of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) with neuroprotective activity, used in research on multiple myeloma and metastatic breast cancer.

Wighteone (Erythrinin B) is a small molecule compound derived from Genista ephedroides with potential antifungal and anticancer activity against EGFR L858R/T790M mutant non-small cell lung cancer.

Fructose-arginine is a non-saponin molecule from Korean Red Ginseng that attenuates AIM2 inflammatory vesicle activation.

Punicalagin is a major ellagitannin found in pomegranates that is reported to produce antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. It has been shown to prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity-associated accumulation of cardiac triglyceride and ch

Quercetin, a flavonoid natural product, is a SIRT1 activator. It is also a PI3K inhibitor, inhibiting PI3Kγ, PI3Kδ, and PI3Kβ with IC50 values of 2.4, 3.0, and 5.4 μM, respectively. Recognized as a heat shock protein inhibitor, Quercetin can significantly reduce exosome release in TII models by downregulating Hsp70 or Hsp90.

Xanthohumol, also known as 2', 4, 4'-trihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3'-prenylchalcone or desmethylxanthohumol, is a member of the class of compounds known as 3-prenylated chalcones. It inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 activity and shows chemopreventive effects.

Flavone glycoside from Robinia with antibacterial and diuretic properties; derived from kaempferol.The ability of robinin to reverse the multidrug resistance of the human colon cancer cell line Colo 320 expreβing MDR1/LRP was explored by monitoring their uptake of Rhodamine 123, but was shown to have minimal effect. Robinin (NSC-9222) was detected in lysates of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 using liquid chromatography-tandem maβ spectrometry.

Procyanidin B1, isolated from commonly eaten fruits, binds to the TLR4/MD-2 complex and has anti-inflammatory activity.

Dihydrorobinetin ((+)-Dihydrorobinetin) is a compound extracted from Robinia pseudoacacia. It is a marker of vinegar aging in Robinia pseudoacacia wood. It has antioxidant activity and is often added to skin care products.

Mulberrin (Kuwanon C) is an inhibitor of OATP2B1-mediated estrone-3-sulfate (E3S) uptake (IC50: 1.8 ±1.5 μM).

Capsaicin is an active natural component found in chili peppers and acts as a TRPV1 agonist (EC50 = 0.29 μM). It possesses multiple activities, including pain relief, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects, as well as some neurotoxicity. Capsaicin can be used to establish itch models.

Hypericin (Cyclosan) is a natural anthraquinone compound, an extract of Hypericum perforatum, which inhibits PKC, MAO, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, reverse transcriptase, telomerase, and CYP, etc. Hypericin exhibits antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, and antidepressant activities.

1,2,3,6-Tetragalloylglucose (TeGG) has antioxidative activity, it also shows the most potent anticomplement activity (IC50 = 34 microM). 1,2,3,6-Tetragalloylglucose is also a potent inhibitor of UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 A1 (UGT1A1, Ki = 1.68 μM).

Rotenone is a natural plant-derived insecticide that acts as an inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I. It promotes the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, induces apoptosis, and is commonly used to establish Parkinson's disease models.

Niranthin is a potent anti-leishmanial agent, inhibits the relaxation activity of heterodimeric type IB topoisomerase of L. donovani and acts as a non-competitive inhibitor interacting with both subunits of the enzyme. Niranthin also exhibits anti-hepatitis B virus, antiinflammatory and antiallodynic actions.

beta-Amyrone (β-Amyron) has antifungal activity against Chikungunya virus replication with an EC50 of 86 uM. beta-Amyrone has anti-inflammatory activity through inhibiting the expression of COX-2. beta-Amyrone exhibits anti-α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and moderate AChE activity. β-Amyrone can be used in the research of disease like inflammation, infection, and obesity.

Ombuin has anti-inflammary activity, it inhibits some macrophage functions involved in the inflammatory process.

Moracin C, a natural compound found in Morus mesozygia, Morus alba var. multicaulis, is an anti-inflammatory agent. moracin C inhibits nitric oxide (NO) release and LPS-activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells.

Triptolide (PG490) belongs to the tricyclic diterpenoid group of natural products and is an inhibitor of NF-κB activation. Triptolide exhibits immunosuppressive, anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-tumor activities.

Benzoyloxypaeoniflorin (Benzoyloxypeoniflorin) is a natural product,contributes to improving blood circulation through their inhibitory effects on both platelet aggregation and blood coagulation.

Apigenin (NSC 83244) is an aromatic oil extracted from the flowers or leaves of the daisy-like plants. Extracts, oils and teas made from chamomile are used for its soothing qualities as a sedative, mild analgesic and sleep medication. Apigenin has not been implicated in causing serum enzyme elevations or clinically apparent liver injury.