vesicular

Clodronate disodium tetrahydrate (Clastoban) inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.

Valbenazine (NBI-98854), a highly selective vesicular monoamine transporter 2(VMAT2) inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia.

Tetrabenazine (Ro 1-9569) is a former antipsychotic drug used to treat various movement disorders. It inhibits neurotransmitter uptake into adrenergic storage vesicles and serves as a high-affinity label for the vesicle transport system.

Reserpine (Serpalan) is an alkaloid isolated from the root of Rauwolfia serpentina. As an inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), it suppresses the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles, leading to depletion of catecholamines and serotonin in central and peripheral nerve terminals. It has antihypertensive and antipsychotic effects and can be used to induce gastric ulcer and depression models.

NBI-98782 ((+)-α-DHTBZ) is an inhibtior of vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) (Ki: 0.97 nM)

Nurr1 agonist 2 is a Nurr1 agonist with an EC50 value of 0.07 μM. Nurr1 agonist 2 increases the mRNA expression of the Nurr1-regulated genes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and vesicular amino acid transporter 2 (VMAT2). Nurr1 agonist 2 binds to the recombinant Nurr1 ligand-binding domain (LBD) with a Kd of 0.14 μM. Nurr1 agonist 2 can be used to study parkinsonism.

Trans (2,3)-Dihydrotetrabenazine is a Tetrabenazine metabolite, shows inhibition activity on vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2).

NSC305787 is an ezrin inhibitor with antitumor activity, inhibits PKCΙ-induced ezrin phosphorylation, reduces β2AR expression in the cell membrane, and induces intracellular vesicular or punctate expression of ezrin and β2AR, and can be used to study pancreatic cancer.

(+)-Tetrabenazine ((3R,11bR)-Tetrabenazine) is a reversible vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT-2) inhibitor, inhibits transport by VMAT2 with 10-fold greater potency than transport by VMAT1.

UNC0638 hydrate selectively inhibits G9a and GLP histone methyltransferases with IC50 values of 15 nM and 19 nM, respectively. It is effective in inhibiting invasion and migration of TNBC cells in vitro. Additionally, UNC0638 hydrate acts as an inhibitor of EHMT1 2 and induces the expression of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in cultures of human erythroid progenitor cells. Furthermore, it exhibits antiviral activity against FMDV (foot-and-mouth disease virus) and VSV (vesicular stomatitis virus), demonstrating remarkable potency and selectivity across various epigenetic and non-epigenetic targets.

MED6-189, an analog of kalihinol, disrupts the apicoplast functions and vesicular transport in the malignant malaria parasite (P. falciparum, IC50 < 50 nM). The compound specifically targets the apicoplast, which is a non-photosynthetic plastid essential for isoprenoid synthesis, found in most apicomplexan parasites.

5-Fluoro-L-tryptophan is a competitive inhibitor of the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT). It holds potential for research related to disorders involving neurotransmitter systems.

(2S,3S,11bR)-Dihydrotetrabenazine ((2S,3S,11bR)-DHTBZ) is a highly selective inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) with a Ki value of 593 nM. It suppresses the vesicular transport of monoamine neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin, leading to reduced release into the synaptic cleft. This compound holds potential for research in Huntington's disease and other hyperkinetic movement disorders.

VMAT2-IN-3 (compound 10) is a potent inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), with a Ki value of 0.71 nM, showing promise for research in neurological or psychiatric disorders.

Reserpine hydrochloride is the salt form of Reserpine and acts as an inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). It blocks the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles, leading to the depletion of catecholamines and serotonin at central and peripheral nerve terminals. It has antihypertensive and antipsychotic properties and is commonly used to induce models of gastric ulcer and depression.

Valbenazine tosylate, the tosylate salt of valbenazine, is a vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor with a Ki value of 150 nM while displaying no significant binding to VAMT1(Ki<10 μM).

Vesamicol hydrochloride ((±)-AH5183 hydrochloride) is a acetylcholine transport inhibitor.

FFN 511 hydrochloride is a fluorescent pseudo-neurotransmitters (FFNs) targeting neuronal vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMA T2).FFN 511 hydrochloride inhibits the binding of 5-hydroxytryptamine to VMA T2-containing membranes and can be used for labelling of dopaminergic nerve endings in acute slices of in vivo cortex-striatum. The excitation and emission maxima are 406 and 501 nm, respectively.

VMAT2-IN-I HCl is an inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter-2. It also has 15- fold greater affinity than GZ- 793A.

Lobelane Hydrochloride is a vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) inhibitor.

FFN200 is a vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) substrate that selectively traces monoamine exocytosis in both neuronal cell culture and brain tissue.

FFN246 is a fluorescent substrate for both the serotonin transporter and the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2).

Tetrabenazine Racemate (Rubigen) is a selective and reversible inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT-2). Tetrabenazine Racemate blocks neurotransmitter uptake into adrenergic storage vesicles and has been used as a high-affinity label for the vesicle transport system.

1a,1b-dihomo Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a rare polyunsaturated fatty acid initially identified in sheep vesicular gland microsome extracts containing COX and incubated with adrenic acid. It has also been detected in conditioned media of RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with endotoxin and arachidonic acid. This compound is believed to be produced by the elongation of AA to adrenic acid, followed by sequential metabolism by COX and PGE synthase.