melanogenesis

Raspberry ketone glucoside, a natural compound found in raspberry fruit, exhibits prolonged inhibition of melanogenesis and various melanogenic factors following its degradation in the skin.

1. Pectolinarigenin (Pectolinaringenin) exhibits hepatoprotective activity mainly via SOD antioxidant mechanism. 2. Pectolinarigenin possesses anti-inflammatory activity and that they may inhibit eicosanoid formation in inflammatory lesions.

Methyl 4-hydroxycinnamate is an esterified derivative of p-coumaric acid isolated from the flowers of Trixis michuacana var. longifolia, exhibiting antibacterial and anti-melanogenesis properties.

1. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Quinacetophenone) possess anti-anxiety, and neuroprotective qualities. 2. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Quinacetophenone) reatment can induce a sustained activation of JNK, ERK1 2, and p38 MAPKs, it also can potentiate the pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of bortezomib in U266 cells. 3. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Quinacetophenone) has anti-inflammatory activity in activated macrophages, raising the possibility that this compound has a therapeutic potential for inflammatory conditions. 4. 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (Quinacetophenone) is an uncompetitive inhibitor of murine tyrosinase (K(I) 0.28mm), it strongly inhibits both melanogenesis and cellular tyrosinase activity in vitro in 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthin-stimulated B16 mouse melanoma cells or in vivo in zebrafish and mouse models.

Trans-caffeic acid (3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacrylic acid) can be used as a highly sensitive fluorescent probe for the detection of laccase in food and can also stimulate the growth of germ tissue.

Loganin (Loganoside), an iridoid glucoside, has been reported to be an inhibitor of Cox-1 and also noted to suppress TNF-α formation. This compound also has displayed potent free-radical-scavenging activity and inhibitory effects on melanogenesis.

(±)-Eriodictyol（Dihydroluteolin） is the racemate, while Eriodictyol contains only the (+)-Eriodictyol configuration. (±)-Huazhongilexone is a naturally occurring flavonoid with a variety of biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, and is a potent inhibitor of melanogenesis, and is also used as a food additive.

Noroxyhydrastinine exhibits potent melanogenesis-inhibitory activities, it inhibits melanogenesis, at least in part, by inhibiting the expression of protein levels of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 in α-MSH-stimulated B16 melanoma cells.

Sesamol (1,3-Benzodioxol-5-ol) could decrease lung inflammation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in rats. Sesamol ameliorates inflammatory and oxidative damage by upregulating AMPK activation and Nrf2 signaling and blocking the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and inhibits melanin biosynthesis by down-regulating tyrosinase activity and melanin production via regulation of gene expression of melanogenesis-related proteins through modulation of MITF activity, which promotes phosphorylation of p38 and JNK in melan-a cells.

Saikosaponin B2 acts on HCV E2 and inhibits infection by several genotypic strains and prevents binding of serum-derived HCV onto hepatoma cells. Saikosaponin B2 (5 μM) induces differentiation of B16 melanoma cells, with potentiation of expressions of tyr

1. N-trans-Feruloyltyramine (Feruloyltyramine)(NTF) has hepatoprotective effect. 2. NTF has antioxidative activity against Aβ(1-42)-induced neuronal death. 3. NTF is likely to inhibit COX enzymes, thereby suppressing P-selectin expression on platelets, is a platelet aggregation inhibitor. 4. NTF inhibits melanogenesis in a dose-dependent manner, NTF induces downregulation of tyrosinase resulted in suppression of melanin biosynthesis in murine B16 melanoma cells.

1. Mulberroside has nephroprotective, hypoglycemic, and antidiabetic effects. 2. Mulberroside A is a glycosylated stilbene of oxyresveratrol; thus, the deglycosylation of Mulberroside A resulted in enhanced inhibition of melanogenesis. 3. Mulberroside A has anti-inflammatory antiapoptotic effects. by decreasing the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 and inhibiting the activation of NALP3, caspase-1, and nuclear factor-κB and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases, the c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38.

1. 8-Gingerol has antioxidant activity. 2. 8-Gingerol has antimycobacterial activity. 3. 8-Gingerol could be used as an effective skin-whitening agent. 4. 8-Gingerol shows antipyretic and anti-inflammation characteristics. 5. 8-Gingerol seems to be effect

6-O-Isobutyrylbritannilactone, a sesquiterpene natural melanogenesis inhibitor, can be extracted from Inula britannica flowers. It effectively suppresses IBMX-induced melanin production in B16F10 cells and exerts antimelanogenic effects in zebrafish embryo models by modulating ERK, PI3K AKT, and CREB pathways [1].

Machilin A, a lignan derived from Phoebe bark's methanolic extract, suppresses melanogenesis in B-16 mouse melanoma cells, exhibiting an IC50 value of 39.9 μM.

Haplopine shows photo-activated antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. It exhibits potent melanogenesis-inhibitory activities with almost no toxicity to the cells.

1,2,4,6-Tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose is an antioxidant found in eucalyptus. It exhibits significant superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like antioxidant activity (EC50: 1.55 μM). This compound inhibits tyrosinase (IC50: 0.59 mM) and hyaluronidase (IC50: 0.68 mM). It is applicable in food antioxidants, cosmetic anti-melanogenesis, and anti-allergic/anti-inflammatory research.

(-)-Chimonanthine (IC50 = 0.93 μM) shows potent inhibitory effects on melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated murine B16 melanoma 4A5 cells.

Flavokawain C is a melanogenesis inhibitor, it inhibited melanogenesis with IC50 values of 6.9 μM. Flavokawain C has anti-tumor activity, it inhibited cell cycle and promoted apoptosis, associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and regulation of MAPKs and Akt signaling pathways in HCT 116 human colon carcinoma cells.

Cryptomeridiol is a potential skin-whitening agent, exhibits melanogenesis inhibitory activity on α-MSH-stimulated B16 melanoma cells. Cryptomeridiol has low activity against A. niger, T. mentagrophytes, and C. albicans. (-)-Cryptomeridiol also exhibits a significant and concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on PAF receptor binding, with inhibitory concentration (IC)(50) values of 17.5 uM.

Diarylcomosol III shows inhibitory effects on melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells, it is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of skin disorders.

Syringetin, a flavonoid derivative found in grapes and wine, promotes melanogenesis in B16F10 cells and inhibits osteoblast-mediated osteoclastogenesis in human lung adenocarcinoma.

(R)-5-Hydroxy-1,7-diphenylheptan-3-one ((5R)-Dihydroyashabushiketol) is extracted from the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum, a Chinese medicinal herb, and inhibits melanogenesis in theophylline-stimulated murine B16 melanoma 4A5 cells.

Ephedrannin A exhibits anti-melanogenesis and anti-inflammatory activities.