fd

FD&C Yellow No. 4 is a dye.

FD-1080 is a fluorophore that exhibits both excitation and emission in the NIR-II region, making it suitable for in vivo imaging.

FD-1080 free acid, an NIR-II region fluorophore (Ex=1064 nm, Em=1080 nm), facilitates in vivo imaging [1].

C12FDG (5-Dodecanoylaminofluorescein di-beta-D-Galactopyranoside) is used as a lipophilic green fluorescent substrate for detecting beta-galactose activity, a green fluorescent substrate, is a senescence marker and is often used in conjunction with flow cytometry.

H2DCFDA (DCFH-DA) belongs to the class of green fluorescent dyes and is a probe for the detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Ex Em=488 525 nm) with cell membrane permeability.

5-CFDA (5-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate)(5-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate) is membrane-permeant. It can be loaded into cells via incubation and hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases to 5-carboxyfluorescein that is used for labeling human intervertebral disk cells in vitro for fluorescence microscopy.

6-CFDA (6-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate) is fluorescent polyanionic probe that used to measure changes in intracellular pH (pHi) and processes such as dendrimer aggregation and absorption.

5(6)-CFDA (5-(6)-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate) is a cell-permeant esterase substrate that can serve as a viability probe that measures both enzymatic activities, which is required to activate its fluorescence, and cell-membrane integrity, which is required for intracellular retention of their fluorescent product.

CMFDA can be used as a fluorescent whole-cell-tracking reagent.

CM-H2DCFDA is a fluorescent indicator for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells.

6-CFDA N-succinimidyl ester (Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl) is capable of spontaneously and irreversibly binding to free amines. Utilized in flow cytometry experiments for tracking cell division in both mammalian cells and bacteria. Used in combination with several cell permeabilizers as an effective, nondestructive fluorescencent stain to quickly detect bacterial cells.

5-CFDA-AM is a cell-permeable esterase substrate used as an active probe to evaluate enzyme activity and cell membrane integrity. Electroneutral and able to enter cells at lower concentrations than CFDA, it undergoes intracellular hydrolysis by esterases to produce carboxyfluorescein, which possesses an extra negative charge, enhancing cellular retention [1].

5(6)-Carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester (cDCFDASE) serves as a fluorescent probe for assessing the intracellular pH (pH in) in living cells under various external pH conditions (pH ex) [1]. This compound is utilized to measure pH dynamics within cells, facilitating critical insights into cellular function and behavior.

C12FDGlcU, a lipophilic analog of fluorescein di-β-D-glucuronic acid, is valuable for detecting β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene expression. This compound penetrates cells and is subsequently cleaved by β-glucuronidase, releasing a yellow-colored, green-fluorescent fluorescein (Abs Em of the reaction product: 495 518 nm) [1] [2].

FDGlcU is a fluorescent probe used for non-invasive imaging, demonstrating high fluorescent activity. When conjugated with two mono-glucuronides, it is non-fluorescent (Ex Em=480 514 nm) [1].

Mgc(3Me)FDA, a derivative of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) that incorporates a cell-permeable myrGC 3Me motif, effectively penetrates cells. Once inside, it transforms into the fluorescently active mgc(3Me)FL. This compound specifically accumulates in the Golgi apparatus, serving as a visualized Golgi probe [1].

Brilliant Blue FCF (Erioglaucine disodium salt) is a nontoxic dye for saphenous vein graft marking that abrogates response to injury.

Fast Green FCF (FD&C Green No. 3), a safe biocompatible color additive, has been suggested to mitigate chronic pain.

Amaranth (Acid Red 27) as a potential component of lifestyle modification to improve cardiovascular risk profiles by modifying cardiovascular risk factors such as cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension.

Tartrazine (Acid Yellow 23) is a food additive that belongs to a class of artificial dyes and contains an azo group; it has significant genotoxic effect , may be harmful to health and its prolonged use could trigger carcinogenesis.

FD&C Blue No. 1 aluminum lake is an agent of dye.

FD&C Yellow No. 5 Aluminum Lake is a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye primarily used as a food coloring.

Amaranth free acid (Acid Red 27 free acid; Azorubin S free acid; FD & C Red Dye No. 2 free acid) serves as a versatile dye utilized across various fields. This dye is crucial in biological experiments for observing and analyzing cell structures, tracking biomolecules, evaluating cell functions, differentiating cell types, detecting biomolecules, studying tissue pathology, and monitoring microorganisms. Its usage extends from fundamental scientific research to clinical diagnostics. Additionally, Amaranth free acid is employed in traditional applications like textile dyeing and in innovative areas including functional textile processing, food pigments, and dye-sensitized solar cells.