collagen-1

Halofuginone (RU-19110), the competitive inhibitor of prolyl-tRNA synthetase(Ki=18.3 nM), could also down-regulate Smad3 and blocked TGF-β signaling at 10 ng/ml in the mammal.

Collagenase Type I is a proteolytic enzyme that primarily targets collagen and is able to break down peptide bonds in collagen. Collagenase is used as a potential therapeutic option to break up the herniated disc material, thereby reducing compression of nearby nerves. Collagenase may aid in the breakdown and reorganization of excessive scar tissue, potentially improving tissue function and appearance. Collagenase has the potential to treat intervertebral disc herniation, keloid, fat mass, lipoma, as well as Peyronie's disease and palmar fibromatosis.

Ajoene is a disulfide that has been found inA. sativumand has diverse biological activities, including antibacterial, anticancer, antiplatelet, and antioxidant properties.1,2,3,4It is active against Gram-positive (MICs = 5-160 µg/ml) and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 136-200 µg/ml), as well as yeasts (MICs = 10-20 µg/ml).1Ajoene is cytotoxic to mouse melanoma cells (IC50= 18 µM), as well as human colon, lung, mammary, and pancreatic cancer cells (IC50s = 7-41 µM).2It reduces tumor growth in a B16/BL6 mouse model of melanoma when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg every other day and decreases the number of lung metastases when administered prior to tumor cell inoculation at doses ranging from 1-25 mg/kg. It inhibits ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation in isolated baboon platelets when used at concentrations ranging from 75 to 150 µg/ml and in platelet-rich plasma isolated from baboons when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg.3Ajoene (25 mg/kg) prevents thrombus formation on damaged arterial walls in heparinized pigs in anin situmodel of thrombogenesis.5It also reduces high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, histopathological markers of liver damage, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation, and protein oxidation in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).4 1.Naganawa, R., Iwata, N., Ishikawa, K., et al.Inhibition of microbial growth by ajoene, a sulfur-containing compound derived from garlicAppl. Environ. Microbiol.62(11)4238-4242(1996) 2.Taylor, P., Noriega, R., Farah, C., et al.Ajoene inhibits both primary tumor growth and metastasis of B16/BL6 melanoma cells in C57BL/6 miceCancer Lett.239(2)298-304(2006) 3.Teranishi, K., Apitz-Castro, R., Robson, S.C., et al.Inhibition of baboon platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo by the garlic derivative, ajoeneXenotransplantation10(4)374-379(2003) 4.Han, C.Y., Ki, S.H., Kim, Y.W., et al.Ajoene, a stable garlic by-product, inhibits high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and oxidative injury through LKB1-dependent AMPK activationAntioxid. Redox Signal.14(2)187-202(2011) 5.Apitz-Castro, R., Badimon, J.J., and Badimon, L.A garlic derivative, ajoene, inhibits platelet deposition on severely damaged vessel wall in an in vivo porcine experimental modelThromb. Res.75(3)243-249(1994)

Collinin is a coumarin that has been found in Z. schinifolium and has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4 It is active against drug-susceptible and -resistant strains of M. tuberculosis (MIC50s = 3.13-6.25 μg/ml).1 Collinin inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production (IC50 = 5.9 μM) and reduces COX-2 protein levels in RAW 264.7 cells.2 It completely inhibits aggregation of isolated rabbit platelets induced by arachidonic acid , collagen, or platelet activating factor (PAF) when used at a concentration of 100 μM.3 Dietary administration of collinin (0.05% w/w) reduces the number of mice with tumors and the number of tumors per mouse in a mouse model of colitis-related carcinogenesis.4 |1. Kim, S., Seo, H., Al Mahmud, H., et al. In vitro activity of collinin isolated from the leaves of Zanthoxylum schinifolium against multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Phytomedicine 46, 104-110 (2018).|2. Nguyen, P.-H., Zhao, B.T., Kim, O., et al. Anti-inflammatory terpenylated coumarins from the leaves of Zanthoxylum schinifolium with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. J. Nat. Med. 70(2), 276-281 (2016).|3. I.S., C., Lin, Y.C., Tsai, I.L., et al. Coumarins and anti-platelet aggregation constituents from Zanthoxylum schinifolium. Phytochemistry 39(5), 1091-1097 (1995).|4. Kohno, H., Suzuki, R., Curini, M., et al. Dietary administration with prenyloxycoumarins, auraptene and collinin, inhibits colitis-related colon carcinogenesis in mice. Int. J. Cancer 118(12), 2936-2942 (2006).

1. Darutoside (Darutin) can as an appropriate treatment for wounds. 2. Darutoside can improve skin elasticity, surface appearance and stretch mark removal, through soothing the skin, decreasing inflammation, restoring collagen and promoting collagen production.

1. Glaucocalyxin A (Leukamenin F)-SBE-β-CD could be useful with a better solubility and sustained function in drug delivery. 2. Glaucocalyxin A activates caspase-3, decreases BAD phosphorylation, and reduces the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein. 3. Glaucocalyxin A inhibits Akt phosphorylation, suppresses proliferation, and promotes apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, but not in normal glial cells. 4. Glaucocalyxin A inhibits collagen-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk, LAT, and phospholipase Cγ2, the signaling events in collagen receptor GPⅥ pathway. 5. Glaucocalyxin A could potentially be developed as an antiplatelet and antithrombotic agent, can inhibit platelet p-selectin secretion and integrin activation by convulxin, is a GPVI selective ligand.

Ganodermaones B is a renal fibrosis inhibitor. Ganodermaones B inhibits TGF-β1-induced collagen I and fibronectin expression .

Flaccidoside II, an active triterpenoid saponin from Anemone flaccida rhizome, both inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNSTs) cell lines and ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in mice [1] [2].

N-norarmepavine shows significant cytotoxic activities against HL-60 carcinoma cell line with inhibitory ratios of 51.43% at concentration of 1 x 10(-5) M. Norarmepavine shows inhibition against Trypanosoma cruzi. D-(+)- N-norarmepavine exhibits significa

Cirsiumaldehyde is a compound isolated from the mature fruits of Lobelia chinensis, Cornus officinalis, and the fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides.Cirsiumaldehyde in the presence of collagen inhibited U46619-induced (1~5 uM) The inhibitory concentration of Cirsiumaldehyde on U46619-induced (1~5 uM) rat platelet aggregation in the presence of collagen was 0.8~1.0 ug/mL.

N-Acetyldopamine dimers A (Compound (+)-2) can be isolated from the cast-off shell of the cicada Cryptotympana sp. and increase collagen and α-SMA expression [1].