tubulin chain

Oxfendazole (RS-8858), a broad spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic, protects livestock against roundworm, strongyles and pinworms.

Griseofulvin (Fulvicin) is an antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.

Docetaxel trihydrate (RP-56976 Trihydrate) is an antineoplastic agent that has a unique mechanism of action as an inhibitor of cellular mitosis and that currently plays a central role in the therapy of many solid tumor including breast and lung cancer. Therapy with docetaxel has been associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations and rarely to instances of acute hepatic necrosis generally due to severe hypersensitivity reactions or sepsis.

Mebendazole (Mebenvet) is a hedgehog inhibitor, used as an antihelminthic.

Vinorelbine (KW-2307 base) is a semisynthetic vinca alkaloid. Vinorelbine binds to tubulin and prevents the formation of the mitotic spindle, resulting in the arrest of tumor cell growth in metaphase.

EN219 is a synthetic recruiter of the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF114 and binds specifically to cysteine 8 (C8) within its intrinsically disordered region, exhibiting an IC50 of 470 nM. EN219 inhibits RNF114-induced autoubiquitination and p21 ubiquitination in cell-free assays at 50 μM. At 1 μM, EN219 interacts with multiple proteins including the tubulin β1 chain (TUBB1), heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60/HspD1), and histone H3.1 (HIST1H3A) in 231MFP breast cancer cells. Furthermore, EN219 has been linked to the bromodomain inhibitor (+)-JQ1 for the creation of a PROTAC capable of degrading BRD4 in 231MFP cells.