immunostimulatory

Lynestrenol is a synthetic progestational hormone, is the progesterone receptor agonist

α-Galactosylceramide (KRN7000) is a synthetic glycolipid with antitumorial and immunostimulatory and is a very potent NKT cell agonist and binds effectively to CD1d. The complex of α-Galactosylceramide and CD1d can bind to the T cell antigen receptor of NKT cells.

Dryocrassin ABBA (Dryocrassin) is a flavonoid natural product derived from Dryopteris crassirhizoma, with antiviral and antibacterial activities.

ARB-272572 is a potent inhibitor of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling that induces PD-L1 homodimer interactions and produces immunostimulatory activity in human primary cells.

DODAP is an ionic cationic lipid with low cytotoxicity and high transfection efficiency that can be used to synthesize liposomes and encapsulate biologically active molecules such as mRNA, siRNA and plasmid DNA.

8-Bromoguanosine is a brominated derivative of guanosine. It is activate lymphocytes through an intracellular mechanism to exert immunostimulatory effects.

BC-1293 is an inhibitor of the E3 ligase subunit FBXO24 that acts by disrupting the interaction between FBXO24 and aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (DARS2). BC-1293 treatment results in increased levels of DARS2, showing its capacity to stabilize this essential enzyme. Furthermore, BC-1293 elevates levels of cytokines including IL-1β, IL-9, MIP-2, and TNF-α in murine models, thereby demonstrating immunostimulatory activity with potential relevance to immune modulation research.

RC529-MDP is an immunological adjuvant that couples Toll-like receptors (TLR4a) and NOD-like receptors (NOD2a) to enhance the innate immune response through the TLR4 and NOD2 signaling pathways. In mouse models, RC529-MDP induces high levels of the cytokine interleukin-related factor (IL-6), highlighting its immunostimulatory activity. Additionally, when injected into mice models with ovalbumin (OVA), RC529-MDP elevates OVA-specific antibody responses, T cell responses, and the proportion of memory T cells.

Pixatimod (also known as PG-545) is a synthetic carbohydrate-modified heparan sulfate mimetic and a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist. It exhibits potential immunostimulatory, antitumor, and antiviral effects. Pixatimod effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by disrupting the spike protein-ACE2 interaction. Additionally, it blocks various cancer-promoting processes such as cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These effects have demonstrated significant efficacy in numerous mouse cancer models, including about 30 xenograft models and 20 syngeneic models. Pixatimod has been tested in combination with several approved anticancer compounds, showing clinical potential when used with gemcitabine, paclitaxel, sorafenib, platinum compounds, and anti-PD-1 antibodies.

Pixatimod (also known as PG-545) is a synthetic modified heparan sulfate mimetic and an agonist of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), showcasing potential immunostimulatory, antitumor, and antiviral properties. It effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by disrupting the interaction between the spike protein and ACE2. Moreover, Pixatimod blocks cancer-promoting processes such as cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These activities have demonstrated significant efficacy across various murine cancer models, including approximately 30 xenograft models and 20 syngeneic models. Pixatimod has been tested in combination with several approved anticancer compounds, underscoring its clinical potential, with drugs like gemcitabine, paclitaxel, sorafenib, platinum-based compounds, and an anti-PD-1 antibody.

TLR4L 10 is a TLR4 ligand that induces cells to produce IL-6 and possesses immunostimulatory activity.

endo-S-cGAFMP (Compound 3) is a STING agonist that enhances both innate and adaptive immune responses by activating the cGAS-STING pathway, leading to the production of interferon regulatory factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines. It exhibits strong immunostimulatory activity in THP1 monocytes and RAW macrophages, with EC50 values of 2.45 μM and 5.54 μM, respectively. endo-S-cGAFMP also demonstrates significant antitumor activity and holds potential as an immunotherapy agent for cancer, particularly in studies involving systemic administration.

G3-YSD is a G3 terminal Y-shaped short DNA and functions as a cyclic guanosine-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) agonist. It serves as a minimal immunostimulatory DNA motif, capable of activating the DNA sensor cGAS, which induces type I interferon in a manner dependent on structure and sequence. G3-YSD is applicable for detecting HIV-1 single-stranded DNA.

NOD2/TLR4 agonist-1 (Compound 2) is a dual agonist for NOD2 and TLR4. It does not possess immunostimulatory activity, making it a significant negative control in research studies.

Carboxymethyl β-glucan is a derivative of β-glucan with immunostimulatory properties. Carboxymethyl β-glucan can be utilized in the synthesis of nanocarriers.

Olopatadine is an orally active, selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist and mast cell stabilizer. It inhibits the release of immunostimulatory pro-inflammatory mediators from human conjunctival mast cells and can be used in research on allergic conjunctivitis.

EVs inducer-1 is an inducer of extracellular vesicle (EVs) release with immune-stimulatory effects. It inhibits tubulin polymerization, enhancing the release of immunostimulatory EVs from antigen-presenting cells. This compound also increases EV particle release from dendritic cells and boosts CD63 reporter gene activity. Additionally, EVs inducer-1 can suppress the viability of proliferating cells and serves as a valuable tool for research in immunoregulation.

Berlopentin is splenopentin analog used to treat HIV-positive patients. It also has immunostimulatory properties.

Avadomide is an orally available pleiotropic pathway modulator with potential antineoplastic activity. CC-122 mimics an interferon response and has antitumor activity in DLBCL CC-122 binds Cereblon (CRBN) and promotes degradation of Ikaros and Aiolos in d

Kaempferitrin (Lespenephryl) has antidepressant-like effect related to the serotonergic system, principally 5-HT1A. Kaempferitrin exerts cytotoxic and antitumor effects against HeLa cells. Kaempferitrin stimulates glucose-metabolizing enzymes, promotes glucose homeostasis. Kaempferitrin exerts immunostimulatory effects on immune responses mediated by splenocytes, macrophages, PBMC and NK cells. Kaempferitrin induces cytotoxic effects to include: cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway in a caspase-dependent pathway.

QS-21-Api is an immunostimulatory saponin and a major active component of the natural vaccine adjuvant QS-21, capable of modulating the functions of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells, thereby inducing both Th2-mediated humoral immunity and Th1-mediated cellular immune responses. In addition, QS-21-Api can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, promoting the release of caspase-1–dependent cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18, thereby enhancing Th1 immune responses.

N-Acetylpsychosine, also known as α-galactosylated C2-ceramide (d18:1/2:0), exhibits immunostimulatory properties. This compound, N-Acetylpsychosine, holds potential as a valuable tool for studying the mechanisms of apoptosis and immune responses activated by dendritic cells (DCs).

Dehydroandrographolide succinate potassium sodium salt is a natural product from Andrographis paniculata that exerts anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators (NO, TNF-α) and regulating immune responses. Dehydroandrographolide succinate exhibits antithrombotic effects. Dehydroandrographolide succinate can be used in research on viral pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections.

TLR7/8 agonist 1 dihydrochloride (TLR7/8 agonist-5d) is a TLR7/8 agonist which shows prominent immunostimulatory activities.