guanine

Guanine (2-Aminohypoxanthine) is a purine base that is a constituent of nucleotides occurring in nucleic acids.

8-Azaguanine (SK 1150) is a purine analogue with potential antineoplastic activity.

8-Hydroxyguanine (8 Hydroxyguanine) is the major premutagenic damage produced by reactive oxygen species. It causes G-T and A-C substitutions.8-Hydroxyguanine is a biomarker for RNA oxidation and oxidative DNA damage.8-Hydroxyguanine is mutagenic and carcinogenic and is commonly used in cancer experiments.8-Hydroxyguanine is a biomarker for RNA oxidation and oxidative DNA damage.

Isoguanine, a purine base and isomer of guanine, serves as a building block in organic synthesis.

7-Methylguanine, a metabolite of DNA methylation, is generated by methylating agents. It is utilized as a probe for DNA–protein interactions and serves as a crucial component in DNA sequencing methods.

N2-methylguanine (N2-methylguanine) is an endogenous methylated nucleoside found in human fluids and a modified nucleoside.

7-Cyano-7-deazaguanine (7-CN-7-deazaG) is a marine derived natural products found in Streptomyces qinglanensis.

Echiguanine A, isolated from Streptomyces, is a compound with potent inhibitory effects on phosphatidylinositol kinase.

Xanthine (Isoxanthine) is a product on the pathway of purine degradation. Xanthine is subsequently converted to uric acid by the action of the Xanthine oxidase enzyme. Xanthine is found in most body tissues and fluids in various organisms. Biologically Xanthine is produced from guanine by cypin (guanine deaminase). Furthermore, Xanthines act as antagonists for adenosine receptors, with selectivity depending on whether there are substitution of alkyl groups.

2'-Deoxyinosine (Guanine deoxyriboside) inhibits the growth of human colon-carcinoma cell lines and is associated with purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency.

2'-Deoxyguanosine monohydrate (Guanine-2'-deoxyriboside) is a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose. It is like guanosine, but with one oxygen atom removed. It is a nucleoside component of DNA. 2'-Deoxyguanosine monohydrate can be converted to 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) due to hydroxyl radical attack at the C8 of guanine. 8-OHdG is a sensitive marker of the DNA damage This damage, if left unrepaired, has been proposed to contribute to mutagenicity and cancer promotion.

Ac-Ala-OH (N-Acetyl-L-alanine) is a substrate for Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I) G(S) G(O) gamma-2 subunit, Myelin basic protein, GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran, Tropomyosin alpha 4 chain, HIV-1 Rev binding protein 2, Xaa-Pro dipeptidase, Thymosin beta-10, Actin-like protein 3, Alanine aminotransferase, Serine threonine protein Phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit,10 kDa heat shock protein (mitochondrial), Calmodulin and Beta-1-syntrophin.

Xanthosine is produced by guanine-free mutants of bacteria e.g. Bacillus subtilis, Aerobacter aerogenes. Xanthosine monophosphate is an intermediate in purine metabolism, formed from IMP, and forming GMP.

Guanosine (DL-Guanosine) is a purine nucleoside formed from a beta-N9-glycosidic bond between guanine and a ribose ring, and is essential for metabolism.

2'-Deoxyguanosine (Guanine deoxyriboside) is a purine nucleoside that is recognized by members of the 2'-dG-II family.2'-Deoxyguanosine has been associated with aging, mutation, and carcinogenesis, and is oxidized by molecular oxygen.

Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate pentasodium is the sodium salt form of PRPP. PRPP is a phosphoribosyl donor for AMP and GMP synthesis in reactions catalysed by adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. PRPP is synthesized from ribose-5-phosphate and ATP by PRPP synthetase (EC 2.7.6.1).

Sibiromycin, a glycosylated pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) compound, is a naturally occurring and potent antitumor antibiotic. It exerts its activity by covalently binding to DNA in the minor groove at the NH2 of guanine.

Purine (7H-Imidazo(4,5-d)pyrimidine) is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. Two of the bases in nucleic acids, adenine and guanine, are purines. Purines from food (or from tissue turnover) are metabolised by several enzymes, including xanthine oxidase, into uric acid. High levels of uric acid can predispose to gout when the acid crystalises in joints; this phenomenon only happens in humans and some animal species (e.g. dogs) that lack an intrinsic uricase enzyme that can further degrade uric acid.

1. Lucidin (NSC-30546) and its derivatives are genotoxic, it is mutagenic at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene locus.

5-Aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (AIR) serves as an intermediate in purine biosynthesis, undergoing enzymatic modifications to form inosine monophosphate (IMP), which is subsequently converted into the purine bases adenine (A) and guanine (G) [1].

Trioxacarcin A is a natural alkylating agent classified as a novel natural antitumor compound. It specifically targets flexible guanine in parallel G-quadruplex DNA (G4-DNA) loops, stabilizing the G4-DNA structure through alkylation on the RET G4-DNA.