nicotine

CP-809101 hydrochloride is a potent and selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist with pEC50 values of 9.96 for human 5-HT2C, 7.19 for 5-HT2B, and 6.81 for 5-HT2A receptors.

Nicotinic receptor agonist

Nicotine is a naturally produced alkaloid in the nightshade family of plants (most predominantly in tobacco and Duboisia hopwoodii) and is widely used recreationally as a stimulant and anxiolytic. As a pharmaceutical drug, it is used for smoking cessation to relieve withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine acts as a receptor agonist at most nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), except at two nicotinic receptor subunits (nAChRα9 and nAChRα10) where it acts as a receptor antagonist.

(2'S)-Nicotine-1-oxide, a nicotine metabolite, arises from the liver's metabolism of nicotine via the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP2A6. It has been identified in human sperm and semen.

(+ -)-NICOTINE-d4 is a deuterated compound of (+ -)-NICOTINE.

(1'S,2'S)-Nicotine-1'-Oxide-d3 is a deuterated compound of (1'S,2'S)-Nicotine-1'-Oxide. (1'S,2'S)-Nicotine-1'-Oxide has a CAS number of 51095-86-4. Nicotine 1'-N-oxide is a natural product from tobacco smoke.

Nicotine 1'-N-oxide ((1′S,2′S)-Nicotine-1'-oxide) is a derivative of nicotine obtained from tobacco smoke condensate.

(Z)-Metanicotine 2HCl has analgesic activity and is used in the treatment of central system disorders.

N-Nitrosonornicotine, a tobacco-specific nitrosamine, exhibits carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, and is capable of inducing micronuclei in C3A cells. Additionally, N-Nitrosonornicotine can form DNA adducts.

N'-Nitrosonornicotine is a tobacco-specific N-nitrosamine and carcinogen that has been found in unburned tobacco and cigarette smoke.1It induces the formation of DNA adducts in isolated rat nasal mucosa and esophagus. N'-Nitrosonornicotine induces tumor formation in rat esophagus and nasal cavity, mouse lung, forestomach, and trachea, and hamster trachea and forebrain. Urinary levels of N'-nitrosonornicotine are positively correlated with the risk of esophageal cancer in smokers.2 1.Hecht, S.S.Biochemistry, biology, and carcinogenicity of tobacco-specific N-nitrosaminesChem. Res. Toxicol.11(6)559-603(1998) 2.Yuan, J.-M., Knezevich, A.D., Wang, R., et al.Urinary levels of the tobacco-specific carcinogen N'-nitrosonornicotine and its glucuronide are strongly associated with esophageal cancer risk in smokersCarcinogenesis32(9)1366-1371(2011)

Metanicotine is a selective nicotinic agonist with antinociceptive properties.

(±)-Nornicotine-d4 (pyridine-d4) is a deuterated compound of (±)-Nornicotine. (±)-Nornicotine has a CAS number of 5746-86-1.

N′-Nitrosonornicotine N-glucuronide is a biochemical reagent utilized in glycobiology research. This field examines the structure, synthesis, biology, and evolution of sugars, encompassing carbohydrate chemistry, glycoconjugate formation and degradation enzymology, protein-glycan recognition, and the roles of glycans in biological systems. It is intimately connected with fundamental research, biomedicine, and biotechnology.

NNK is a nitrosated derivative of nicotine that activates the ERK1/2 and PKCα signaling pathways, induces Bcl2 phosphorylation at Ser70, and activates c-Myc at Thr58 and Ser62, thereby promoting the proliferation and survival of human lung cancer cells, and is commonly used to establish lung cancer mouse models.

UB 165 fumarate is an agonist of the nAChR, a partial agonist of the α4β2 subtype, and a full agonist of the α3β2 subtype, with a Ki value of 0.27 nM for binding to [3H]-nicotine measured in rat brain.

4-Ethylpyridine is a pyridine derivative that can affect the affinity of (±)-[3H]nicotine for the P2 preparation in rat brain.

Arecoline is a natural alkaloid derived from areca nut in the palm family and is a potent nicotine and partial agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Arecoline has anti-anxiety and anti-parasitic activity, can induce oxidative stress and can be used to study Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease.

3-Pyridylacetic acid hydrochloride (3-PAA-HCl) is a high homologue of niacin. It is a decomposition product of nicotine (and other tobacco alkaloids). It can also react with amines, alcohols and carboxylic acids, and can also act as an acid in the reaction. catalyst.

CB1R Allosteric modulator 3 is a potent CB1R modulator that inhibits cAMP and β-Arrestin and can be used for the study of obesity and nicotine addiction.

AZD-8529 mesylate is a highly selective, and orally bioavailable positive allosteric modulator of mGluR2 (EC50: 285 nM). It shows no positive allosteric modulator responses at 20-25 M on the mGluR1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 subtypes.

JDTic Dihydrochloride is a high-affinity and selective κ-opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist that blocks dynorphin-KOR signalling, exhibiting antidepressant, anxiolytic, and anti-relapse effects against cocaine and nicotine.

Cotinine (NIH-10498) is an alkaloid found in tobacco and is also the predominant metabolite of nicotine.

Isonicoteine is a structural isomer of pyridine alkaloids and nicotine, widely used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

Rivanicline hemioxalate, also known as RJR-2403 hemioxalate or (E)-Metanicotine hemioxalate, is a chemical compound acting as a neuronal nicotinic receptor agonist with pronounced selectivity for the α4β2 receptor subtype, showing over 1,000-fold greater selectivity for this subtype (Ki=26 nM) compared to α7 receptors (Ki=3.6 μM). Its in vitro studies demonstrate no significant activation of nAChRs in PC12 cells, muscle type nAChRs, or muscarinic receptors at concentrations up to 1 mM. Furthermore, Rivanicline displayed less than one-tenth the potency of nicotine in inducing ileum contraction, with substantially lower efficacy, and failed to antagonize nicotine-induced stimulation of muscle or ganglionic nAChR functions, with an IC50 value greater than 1 mM. Chronic exposure to Rivanicline at 10 microM led to up-regulation of high-affinity nAChRs in M10 cells, mimicking effects observed with nicotine. In vivo studies revealed that Rivanicline significantly reversed scopolamine-induced amnesia and improved working and reference memory in a rat model, while being 15 to 30 times less potent than nicotine in affecting body temperature, respiration, and other physiological responses. Metanicitone's potency was approximately five times lower than nicotine in tail-flick tests following subcutaneous administration, yet slightly more potent upon central administration.