linoleic acid

Linoleic acid (9,12-octadecadienoic acid) is a naturally occurring polyunsaturated fatty acid found in animal and vegetable oils. Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid that is part of membrane phospholipids.

Linoleic acid (Standard) is the standard substance of Linoleic acid, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Linoleic acid (9,12-octadecadienoic acid) is a naturally occurring polyunsaturated fatty acid found in animal and vegetable oils. Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid that is part of membrane phospholipids.

Linoleic acid alkyne, an ω-alkyne derivative of Linoleic acid, serves as a precursor for synthesizing alkyne-containing compounds, including glycerophospholipids, suited for click chemistry applications [1].

(S)-Coriolic acid (13(S)-HODE) is an important intracellular signaling agent generated by the reaction of linoleic acid with plant and mammalian lipoxygenases. It is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation in various biological systems and inhibits the adhesion of tumor cells to the vascular endothelium, while down-regulating IRGpIIb IIIa receptor expression at around 1 μM. Additionally, (S)-Coriolic acid is a metabolite of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) and often acts as an endogenous ligand to activate PPARγ. It induces mitochondrial dysfunction and airway epithelial damage.

α-Lipoic Acid (DL-α-Lipoic acid) an octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.

Methyl Linoleate (Telfairic Acid methyl ester) linoleate has antioxidant activity.

Arachidonic acid (Immunocytophyt) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 essential fatty acid that serves as a major component of biological membranes and animal phospholipids. It is synthesized from dietary linoleic acid and acts as a precursor to lipid mediators such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. Arachidonic acid can improve cognitive responses and cardiovascular function and is commonly used to induce paw edema models.

Cholesteryl linoleate is the major cholesteryl ester in LDL and atherosclerotic lesions. It is present in LDL as a cholesteryl ester that is oxidized to form cholesteryl linoleate hydroperoxides using LDL receptor-associated proteins that are transferred to the plasma membranes of macrophages and CHO cells expressing 15-lipoxygenase.

Linoleyl alcohol (CIS,CIS-9,12-OCTADECADIENOL), fatty alcohol, is a structural analog of Linoleic acid with no a-carboxyl group[1].

Ethyl linoleate is a natural product.

Bovinic acid ((9Z,11E)-Octadecadienoic acid) is a conjugated linoleic acid with anticancer and anti-atherosclerotic activity and can be used to study coronary heart disease and obesity in the elderly.

(±)9-HpODE is a racemic mixture of the fatty acid hydroperoxide product (9(S)-HpODE) formed from lipoxygenase action on linoleic acid. It shows antimicrobial activity against various fungal and bacterial pathogens and thus may play a role in plant defense. In mammalian species, monocyte-induced oxidization of LDL generates significant amounts of esterified 9-HpODE, which is rapidly reduced to 9-HODE.

Lysophosphatidylcholine 18:2 is a mouse metabolite functionally related to linoleic acid.18:2 LysoPC is a major component of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and low plasma levels of LPC 18:2 have been associated with metabolic disorders such as impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease.1-Linoleoyl 1-Linoleoyl-2-Hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PC is also a substrate for the generation of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) from Autotaxin (LysoPLD), which plays an important role in cell motility.

9-Oxononanoic Acid is an oxidized fatty acid, formed by the autoxidation of linoleic acid, which enhances phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and increases the production of thromboxane B2 in isolated human plasma.9-Oxononanoic Acid reduces hepatic neofatty acid synthesis and enhances the activity of rat hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase, a marker of β-oxidation. Activity.

9(S),12(S),13(S)-TriHOME is a linoleic acid-derived oxylipin that has diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4It has been found in various plants and is produced in human eosinophils in a 15-lipoxygenase-dependent, soluble epoxide hydrolase-independent manner.1,59(S),12(S)13(S)-TriHOME inhibits antigen-induced β-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 mast cells (IC50= 28.7 μg ml).2It inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in BV-2 microglia (IC50= 40.95 μM).3In vivo, 9(S),12(S),13(S)-TriHOME (1 g animal) enhances the antiviral IgA and IgG antibody responses induced by a nasal influenza hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine by 5.2- and 2-fold, respectively, in mice.4 1.Hamberg, M., and Hamberg, G.Peroxygenase-catalyzed fatty acid epoxidation in cereal seeds: Sequential oxidation of linoleic acid into 9(S),12(S),13(S)-trihydroxy-10(E)-octadecenoic acidPlant Physiol.110(3)807-815(1996) 2.Hong, S.S., and Oh, J.S.Inhibitors of antigen-induced degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells isolated from wheat branJ. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem.5569-74(2012) 3.Kim, C.S., Kwon, O.W., Kim, S.Y., et al.Five new oxylipins from Chaenomeles sinensisLipids49(11)1151-1159(2014) 4.Shirahata, T., Sunazuka, T., Yoshida, K., et al.Total synthesis, elucidation of absolute stereochemistry, and adjuvant activity of trihydroxy fatty acidsTetrahedron62(40)9483-9496(2006) 5.Fuchs, D., Tang, X., Johnsson, A.-K., et al.Eosinophils synthesize trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids (TriHOMEs) via a 15-lipoxygenase dependent processBiochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids1865(4)158611(2020)

1,3-Dilinoleoyl-2-oleoyl-rac-glycerol is a triacylglycerol that contains linoleic acid at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions and oleic acid at the sn-2 position. It has been found in grape seed, pumpkin seed, soybean, sunflower, and wheat germ oils, with the highest content in grape seed oil.

Cognac oil, predominantly derived from wine lees, exhibits distinctive fatty acid compositions, characterized by high proportions of Palmitic acid (59.26%), Linoleic acid (11.92%), Myristic acid (8.97%), and Oleic acid (8.3%) among other fatty acids. Notably, the application of Cognac oil enhances the permeability of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) across various membranes, resulting in a generalized increase in permeation.

gamma-Linolenic acid (gamolenic acid), is an unsaturated fatty acid synthesized from linoleic acid (LA) by the enzyme delta-6-desaturase. Research on hepatocellular cell lines has shown γ-Linolenic Acid to have induced reactive oxygen species generation including lipid peroxidation, cell growth inhibition, and heme oxygenase-1 production for antioxidant protection against oxidative stress. Further experiments have noted that γ-Linolenic acid inhibits inflammatory responses through inactivation of NFκB and activator protein-1 by suppressed oxidative stress.

13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE), an endogenous metabolite produced by the lipoxygenase pathway of Linoleic acid, promotes prostacyclin synthesis by facilitating the release of arachidonic acid (AA) from phospholipids [1].

Linoleoyl Ethanolamide is an endocannabinoid agent. It acts by binding to TRPV1 increasing ERK phosphorylation and AP-1 dependent transcription in CB-receptor in an independent manner.

Arachidonic acid (Standard) is the standard substance of Arachidonic acid, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Arachidonic acid (Immunocytophyt) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 essential fatty acid that serves as a major component of biological membranes and animal phospholipids. It is synthesized from dietary linoleic acid and acts as a precursor to lipid mediators such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. Arachidonic acid can improve cognitive responses and cardiovascular function and is commonly used to induce paw edema models.

gamma-Linolenic acid (Standard) is the standard substance of gamma-Linolenic acid, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. gamma-Linolenic acid (gamolenic acid), is an unsaturated fatty acid synthesized from linoleic acid (LA) by the enzyme delta-6-desaturase. Research on hepatocellular cell lines has shown γ-Linolenic Acid to have induced reactive oxygen species generation including lipid peroxidation, cell growth inhibition, and heme oxygenase-1 production for antioxidant protection against oxidative stress. Further experiments have noted that γ-Linolenic acid inhibits inflammatory responses through inactivation of NFκB and activator protein-1 by suppressed oxidative stress.

Hederacolchiside E has antioxidant activity and shows neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models via modulating oxidative stress. Hederacolchiside E exhibits inhibition on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion. Hederacolchiside E ma

Okanin shows significant activities on both linoleic acid peroxidation inhibition and DPPH radical scavenging effect.