l carnitine

L-Carnitine tartrate is a Carnitine/ Constituent of striated muscle and liver. It is used to treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias.

L-Carnitine (L(-)-Carnitine) is an amino acid derivative. L-Carnitine facilitates long-chain fatty acid entry into mitochondria, delivering substrate for oxidation and subsequent energy production. Fatty acids are utilized as an energy substrate in all tissues except the brain.

L-Carnitine hydrochloride ((R)-Carnitine hydrochloride) is a highly polar small zwitterionic molecule that functions as an essential cofactor for mitochondrial β-oxidation. L-Carnitine hydrochloride facilitates the transport of long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs into mitochondria for subsequent degradation via β-oxidation, thereby supporting cellular energy metabolism. L-Carnitine hydrochloride also displays antioxidant activity and can mitigate metabolic imbalances associated with numerous inborn errors of metabolism, positioning it as an important agent in metabolic research.

Isobutyryl-L-carnitine is a member of the class of compounds known as acylcarnitines. Isobutyryl-L-carnitine is a product of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases.

Decanoyl-L-carnitine ((-)-Decanoylcarnitine) is a L-carnitine derivative that promotes the formation of saturated fatty acid metabolites.

Eicosapentaenoyl-L-carnitine chloride is a long-chain acylcarnitine comprised of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and L-Carnitine. In a mouse model of myopia induced by defocus lenses, mice fed with diets rich in n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) showed increased levels of Eicosapentaenoyl-L-carnitine chloride in their eyes.

Tigloyl-L-carnitine (chloride) is a short-chain acylcarnitine composed of tigloic acid and L-carnitine. It is found in elevated levels in the plasma of certain melanoma xenograft mouse models and can be utilized in melanoma research.

Linoleoyl-L-carnitine, a naturally occurring long-chain acylcarnitine, shows increased hepatic levels in mice following high-dose (200 mg/kg) administration of isoniazid.

Isovaleryl-L-carnitine is a naturally occurring acylcarnitine that is formed via metabolic conversion of L-leucine. It increases survival and decreases apoptosis in hepatocyte growth factor-deprived murine C2.8 hepatocytes when used at a concentration of 1 mM. Isovaleryl-L-carnitine inhibits amino acid deprivation-induced proteolysis and autophagy in isolated perfused rat liver when used at concentrations of 77 and 100 μM, respectively. Increased levels of isovaleryl carnitine are associated with isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (isovaleric acidemia).

Decanoyl-L-carnitine is an ester derivative of L-carnitine . It increases the formation of C24 fatty acid intermediates, as well as docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid in rat hepatocytes.

Arachidonoyl-L-carnitine chloride is an endogenous metabolite and acylcarnitine widely used in biochemical experiments and studies of metabolic disorders.

Butyryl-L-carnitine is a butyrate ester of carnitine. It is an inhibitor of intestinal transporters, blocking carnitine uptake by the carnitine transporter and glycine transport by the amino acid transporter in human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cells (IC50s = 1.5 μM and 4.6 mM, respectively).

[(3R)-3-Hydroxydodecanoyl]-L-carnitine is an endogenous metabolite[1].

Trans-2-Hexadecenoyl-L-carnitine is an endogenous metabolite found in urine[1].

Stearoyl-L-carnitine chloride (Acylcarnitine C18:0) is a long-chain acylcarnitine found in the cerebellum that inhibits GlyT2 and is an important component in the study of lipid metabolism.

Heptanoyl-L-carnitine is a medium-chain acylcarnitine and derivative of L-carnitine .

Hexanoyl-L-carnitine is a medium-chain acylcarnitine. It has been used in the synthesis of acylcarnitine benzyl esters.1 1.Gong, X.-w., Li, J.-p., Wu, J.-f., et al.Synthesis of carnitine benzyl esters as prodrugsJ. Chem. Res.2008(6)327-330(2008)

Valeryl-L-carnitine is a short-chain acylcarnitine and a derivative of L-carnitine . Valeryl-L-carnitine levels increase in the serum of rhesus monkeys following exposure to 7 and 10 Gray units (Gy) of ionizing radiation.[1]

Isobutyryl-L-carnitine chloride is a potential clinical OCT1 biomarker for DDI evaluation and can be used to study heart failure.

Oleoyl-L-carnitine, a long-chain acylcarnitine, acts as a selective inhibitor of glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2; IC50 = 340 nM) while demonstrating significantly lesser affinity for GlyT1 (IC50 = >10,000 nM). Elevated plasma levels of this compound have been observed in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease undergoing initial hemodialysis, correlating with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality.

Isobutyryl-L-carnitine-d3 (chloride) is the deuterated form of Isobutyryl-L-carnitine chloride, which is a product of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.

Decanoyl-L-carnitine (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving Decanoyl-L-carnitine. Decanoyl-L-carnitine ((-)-Decanoylcarnitine) is a L-carnitine derivative that promotes the formation of saturated fatty acid metabolites.

Docosahexaenoyl-L-carnitine chloride is a long-chain acyl-L-carnitine composed of Docosahexaenoic acid and L-carnitine. Under the influence of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) and other enzymes, it is transported to the mitochondria for β-oxidation and breakdown. Docosahexaenoyl-L-carnitine chloride holds potential for research in diseases related to fatty acid metabolism.

C12:1 L-Carnitine chloride is an acylcarnitine lipid.