immunomodulator

(R)-Lisofylline ((R)-Lisophylline) is an inhibitor of lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (IC50 = 0.6 µM) that interrupts IL-12 signaling-mediated STAT4 activation, making it useful for studies on the treatment of type 1 diabetes and autoimmune disorders.

Pentoxifylline (PTX) modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production. Pentoxifylline is a methylxanthine derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It also inhibits platelet aggregation and improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility.

N,N'-Diacetyl-L-cystine (DiNAC) is the disulphide dimer of N-acetylcysteine with immunomodulating properties. N,N'-diacetyl-L-cystine also has antiatherosclerotic effects in Watanabe-heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit (WHHL) rabbits. N,N'-diacetyl-L-cystine is also an effective and orally active modulator of contact sensitivity delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in rodents.

Y-320 is a new phenylpyrazoleanilide immunomodulator.

Dupilumab (REGN-668) is a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting the alpha subunit of the interleukin-4 receptor, thereby inhibiting IL-4 and IL-13 signaling. As a systemic immunomodulator, it has demonstrated efficacy in improving atopic dermatitis.

BMS-1 (PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor 1) is an inhibitor of the PD1-PD-L1 protein-protein interaction. It also acts as an immunomodulator. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a protein in humans that is encoded by the CD274 gene and the upregulation of PD-L1 allows Ys to evade the host immune system. High tumor expression of PD-L1 was associated with increased tumor aggressiveness and a 4.5-fold increased risk of death.

Bz 423 is a potent immunomodulator that induces apoptosis by activating Bax and Bak to induce mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and cytochrome c release.Bz 423 shows partial activity in a mouse model of lupus.

Sotirimod(R850) is a novel immunomodulator with antitumor and antiviral activity for the study of actinic keratoses.

Imupedone (LF 1695) is a synthetic immunomodulator that modulates T lymphocytes and macrophages, induces T-cell differentiation of bone marrow precursor cells, and increases the proliferative response of lymphocytes to mitogens, antigens, and allogeneic cells.13483-84-5

Epetirimod (S-30563) is a small molecule immunomodulator with antitumor and anti-infective activity for the study of papillomavirus infections.

Rabeximod is a potent immunomodulator that reduces the severity of autoimmune diseases in rat models. Rabeximod inhibits arthritis in a time-dependent manner by stimulating TLR2 and TLR4 downstream to block the activation of inflammatory cells, most likely macrophages. Rabeximod effectively reduces brain antigen presentation in mice during anti-inflammatory therapy for traumatic brain injury.

Ciamexon (Ciamexone) is a novel immunomodulator that has shown promising results in experimental models of autoimmune disease with little demonstrated cytotoxicity.Ciamexon can be used to study endocrine ophthalmopathies and diabetes mellitus, with slight improvement in ophthalmic disease following short-term administration.

Lenalidomide (CC-5013) is an immunomodulator with oral activity. Lenalidomide is a ligand for the ubiquitin E3 ligase cereblon (CRBN), which selectively ubiquitinates and degrades two lymphoid transcription factors, IKZF1 and IKZF3, via the CRBN-CRL4 ubiquitin ligase, and is commonly used in the synthesis of PROTAC products.

Resiquimod (R848) is an agonist of Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/TLR8) that induces the upregulation of cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-α. It possesses immunomodulatory, antitumor, and antiviral activities, and can be used to induce models of myocarditis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Mifamurtide is a drug against osteosarcoma, is an immunomodulator with antitumor effects.

Synthetic pentapeptide corresponding to the amino acids 32-36 of thymopoietin and exhibiting the full biological activity of the natural hormone. Thymopentin (TP5) is an immunomodulator which has been studied for possible use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS, and other primary immunodeficiencies.

Ossirene (AS101), a potent in vitro and in vivo immunomodulator, is a novel inhibitor of IL-1beta converting enzyme.

Imiquimod 2HCl is a toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist and immune modulator with antiviral and antitumor activities. It can be used to establish psoriasis-like mouse models and for the study of periorbital skin cancer, pemphigus foliaceus, and COVID-19.

PD-1-IN-18 is a PD1 inhibitor of the signaling pathway and functions as an immunomodulator.

Thalidomide-O-amido-PEG2-C2-NH2 hydrochloride, incorporating an E3 ligase ligand and a linker, can be used as an immunomodulator for the treatment of cancer.

LSD1-IN-35 (Compound Z-1) is a selective inhibitor of LSD1, exhibiting an IC50 of 108 nM. This compound inhibits the demethylation of H3K4me1 2 and acts as an immunomodulator. Additionally, LSD1-IN-35 enhances the responsiveness of gastric cancer cells to T-cell killing by reducing PD-L1 expression, thereby weakening the PD-1 PD-L1 interaction.

Lobenzarit, an immunomodulator, is most frequently used to treat arthritis. Its chemical scaffold has been repurposed to tryptophan biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Lenalidomide hydrochloride (CC-5013 hydrochloride), a Thalidomide derivative, functions as molecular glue and serves as an orally active immunomodulator. As a ligand for the ubiquitin E3 ligase cereblon (CRBN), it facilitates the selective ubiquitination and degradation of the lymphoid transcription factors IKZF1 and IKZF3 through the CRBN-CRL4 ubiquitin ligase. Specifically, Lenalidomide hydrochloride inhibits the growth of mature B-cell lymphomas, including multiple myeloma, and promotes IL-2 release from T cells [1] [2].

Lenalidomide hemihydrate is a derivative of Thalidomide, an orally active immunomodulator that acts as a molecular gel. It is a ligand for the ubiquitin E3 ligase cereblon, which selectively ubiquitinates and degrades two lymphoid transcription factors, IKZF1 and IKZF3, via the CRBN-CRL4 ubiquitin ligase.