high-fat

Neomangiferin (Mangiferin 7-glucoside) has beneficial effects on high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. Neomangiferin and mangiferin inhibit tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, a biochemical marker of osteoclast function and bone resorption.

Cetilistat (ATL-962) is a novel inhibitor of pancreatic lipase being developed by Alizyme for the treatment of obesity and associated co-morbidities, including type 2 diabetes.

Punicalagin is a major ellagitannin found in pomegranates that is reported to produce antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. It has been shown to prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity-associated accumulation of cardiac triglyceride and ch

Nicotinamide riboside increases NAD[+] levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3, culminating in enhanced oxidative metabolism and protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities.

Rhododendrol (Frambinol) is a melanin synthesis and acts by preventing high-fat diet-induced elevation in body weight and increasing lipolysis in white adipocytes in male mice. Rhododendrol can be used as the lightening/whitening cosmetics inhibitor.

Oxfenicine (4-Hydroxy-L-phenylglycine) is a carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 inhibitor. Oxfenicine improves whole-body glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-induced obese mouse with insulin resistance.

Heptadecanoic acid is a fatty acid of exogenous (primarily ruminant) origin. Many "odd" length long chain amino acids are derived from the consumption of dairy fats (milk and meat). Heptadecanoic acid constitutes 0.61% of milk fat and 0.83% of ruminant me

Collagenase Type I is a proteolytic enzyme that primarily targets collagen and is able to break down peptide bonds in collagen. Collagenase is used as a potential therapeutic option to break up the herniated disc material, thereby reducing compression of nearby nerves. Collagenase may aid in the breakdown and reorganization of excessive scar tissue, potentially improving tissue function and appearance. Collagenase has the potential to treat intervertebral disc herniation, keloid, fat mass, lipoma, as well as Peyronie's disease and palmar fibromatosis.

10,12-Tricosadiynoic acid is a highly selective and orally active inhibitor of acyl-CoA oxidase-1 (ACOX1), which can treat high-fat diet- or obesity-induced metabolic diseases by improving mitochondrial lipid and ROS metabolism.

Bixin is an orally active carotenoid that modulates TLR4/NF-κB, Nrf2, and ROS to mitigate high-fat diet-induced cardiac injury in mice and induces apoptosis in A549, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells.

GKA50 stimulates insulin release from mouse islets of Langerhans and MIN6 cells. GKA50 shows significant glucose lowering in high fat fed female rats. GKA50 is a potent glucokinase activator (EC50=33 nM at 5 mM glucose).

KPLH1130, a specific pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor, enhances glucose tolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). It effectively hinders macrophage polarization and mitigates proinflammatory reactions.

PCSK9-IN-29 serves as a lipid-lowering agent that enhances the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) protein and reduces PCSK9 protein expression in hepG2 cells. Additionally, in crab-eating macaques on a high-fat diet, it lowers serum LDL-C, TC, and liver enzyme ALT levels, reduces body weight and fat, and boosts bone mineral content. PCSK9-IN-29 is useful for studies involving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity.

ALG-055009, a thyroid hormone receptor β (THR-β) agonist, exhibits an EC50 of 0.063 μM. It has been shown to reduce total cholesterol levels in rats fed a high-fat diet. ALG-055009 is used in the study of fatty liver diseases associated with metabolic dysfunction.

HPG1860, an agonist of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), induces luminescence in reporter gene assays utilizing HEK293T cells expressing human FXR, with an EC50 value of 18 nM. In vivo studies demonstrate that HPG1860 (administered at 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg daily) reduces serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total cholesterol levels in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which was induced by a high-fat diet and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Additionally, this compound decreases hepatic inflammation, fat levels, and fibrosis.

E17241 functions as an inducer of ABCA1 gene expression, effectively increasing its expression with an EC50 value of 280 nM. It also acts as an agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), inducing PPAR-mediated gene expression in HepG2 cells expressing PPARγ, PPARα, or PPARδ, with respective EC50 values of 290, 3,900, and 879 nM. In RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, E17241 enhances ACBA1 protein levels, although this effect is absent when siRNA targeting PKCζ mRNA is present. Treatment with E17241 (0.4, 2, or 10 µM) increases cholesterol efflux in RAW 264.7 cells. In an atherosclerosis model using ApoE-/- mice administered with a dose of 25 mg/kg, E17241 reduces levels of plasma cholesterol, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and liver cholesterol and triglycerides, and also decreases the area of aortic lesions. Additionally, daily administration of E17241 (50 mg/kg) lowers blood glucose levels and body weight in KKAy diabetic mice on a high-fat, high-glucose (HFHG) diet.

LZ-007 is an agonist of the Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), with an EC50 of 51 nM as determined by TR-FRET assay, and an EC50 of 76 nM in HepG2 cells. It exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic properties in SD rats and can improve metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis induced by high-fat diets and CCl4 in mice.

SKLB102 exhibits high affinity for PPARγ. It has a potent ability to reduce fat deposition and protect the liver from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by regulating adipokine expression and preventing insulin resistance.

Wnt/β-catenin activator 1 (Compound 5m) is an orally active activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. It induces cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, inhibits early proliferation of adipocytes, and suppresses adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells with an IC50 of 330 nM. In a high-fat diet-fed Syrian golden hamster model, Wnt/β-catenin activator 1 exhibits anti-adipogenic and anti-dyslipidemic activities.

Urobilinogens comprise a mixture of bilirubin metabolites, including D-urobilinogen, L-urobilinogen (stercobilinogen), and i-urobilinogen (mesobilirubinogen). These compounds are produced from bilirubin by gut microbiota. In mice on a high-fat diet, the cecal concentrations of D-urobilinogen, L-urobilinogen, and i-urobilinogen are increased. Furthermore, elevated fecal levels of L-urobilinogen are inversely associated with reduced blood hemoglobin levels in patients with heterozygous β-thalassemia.

LCZ960 is an orally active glucokinase (GK) activator that stimulates GK activity in liver cells in vitro and enhances glucose uptake in vivo by activating hepatic GK. It effectively lowers blood glucose levels in diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice. LCZ960 maintains normal blood sugar and improves glucose tolerance in DIO mice and rats. Additionally, LCZ960 stimulates glycogen synthase flux and increases glycogen turnover in the liver of rats, inducing an increase in hepatic glycogen cycling. This compound is useful for research on obesity and type 2 diabetes induced by high-fat diets.

GPR109 receptor agonist-3 is an orally active GPR109 receptor agonist with an IC50 of 310 nM. It retains the antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of lipoic acid. In rats on a high-fat diet, GPR109 receptor agonist-3 reduces total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). This compound is applicable for atherosclerosis research.

p-nitro-Pifithrin-α is a cell-permeable analog of pifithrin-α, a potent p53 inhibitor. It suppresses p53-mediated TGF-β1 expression in HK-2 cells and inhibits the activation of caspase-3 by Zika virus (ZIKV) strains. Moreover, p-nitro-Pifithrin-α attenuates steatosis and liver injury in mice subjected to a high-fat diet, mitigating the effects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [1] [2] [3] [4].

AM7499 is a non-selective cannabinoid receptor agonist with remarkably high in vitro and in vivo potency. It is readily hydrolysed by plasma esterases and to be less prone to deposition in bodily fat than existing classical cannabinoid agonists.