embryonic cells

HLY78 (4-Ethyl-5-methyl-5,6-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-j]phenanthridine) targets the DIX domain of Axin, is an activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and can enhance Axin-LRP6 binding to promote Wnt signaling.

SB 202190 (FHPI) is a p38 MAPK inhibitor that inhibits p38α and p38β2 (IC50=50 100 nM) selectively and cell-permeably. SB 202190 has antitumor activity and also induces the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes.

CHIR-99021 (CT99021) is an activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and a GSK-3α/β inhibitor (IC50=10/6.7 nM) with selective and oral activity.CHIR-99021 induces cellular autophagy, which enhances self-renewal in mouse and human embryonic stem cells.

IWP-2 is a Wnt pathway inhibitor (IC50=27 nM) and an ATP-competitive CK1δ inhibitor (IC50=40 nM for M82FCK1δ). IWP-2 inhibits self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and has been used in stem cell and organoid research.

GSK-3484862 is a non-covalent Dnmt1 inhibitor that induces DNA hypomethylation, offering potential therapeutic benefits against cancer.

Stemazole is a novel small molecule human stem/progenitor cell proliferation activator that promotes the survival of human embryonic stem cells and maintains stemness, and promotes the survival of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in vitro. Stemazole significantly increased cell survival and clone formation in a dose-dependent manner, reduced apoptosis, and promoted recovery of motor dysfunction and myelin repair. Stemazole can be used as a therapeutic agent in demyelinating disorders, promoting OPC survival in vitro and regeneration in vivo.

Oct3 4-inducer-1 (2-(4-(4-methoxybenzyloxy)phenyl)acetonitrile) is an OCT3 4 inducer that promotes the expression and stabilization of OCT3 4 and enhances its transcriptional activity in a variety of human cells.

Epiblastin A is an inhibitor of Casein Kinase 1 (CK1). Epiblastin A engages CK1 isoenzymes in cell lysate and induces efficient conversion of epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) into embryonic stem cells (cESCs).

Pyrintegrin, a β1-integrin agonist, promotes the survival of embryonic stem cells, can be used as a podocyte-protective agent, and enhances cell-extracellular matrix adhesion-mediated integrin signaling.

TFCP2L1-IN-1 is a TFCP2L1 transcription factor inhibitor that regulates cell proliferation and pluripotency.TFCP2L1 (transcription factor CP2-like 1) plays a key role in maintaining pluripotency in mouse and human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). TFCP2L1-IN-1 is capable of promoting the anti-tumor effects of Sorafenib by inhibiting the STAT3 NANOG pathway.

(+)-ITD-1 is an inhibitor of TGF-β, effectively inhibiting TGF-β2 with an IC50 of 0.46 μM. It promotes the degradation of the TGF-β type II receptor (TGFBR2) and the differentiation of cardiomyocytes. Additionally, it suppresses the formation of the mesoderm during the early differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs).

TH023 is an inhibitor of the TLR4 signaling pathway, specifically targeting the formation of TLR4 homodimers. In HEK-Blue hTLR4 cells, TH023 suppresses the secretion of embryonic alkaline phosphatase with an IC50 of 0.354 μM and inhibits NO expression in RAW264.7 cells, with an IC50 of 1.61 μM. Additionally, TH023 inhibits the activation of NF-κB and reduces the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. The compound demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of LPS-induced acute sepsis and improves lung injury in mice.

OAC2 is an Oct4 activator which activates expression through the Oct4 gene promoter; enhances reprogramming efficiency by increasing the rate of production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from embryonic fibroblasts; an analog of OAC1.

CD-2394 is a novel synthetic retinoid compound. This compound's treatment reduces the number of cells in the G2M-phase, suggesting a slowdown in cell proliferation. Additionally, normal differentiation is inhibited, while keratin 13 expression is observed in CD-2394-treated samples, a phenomenon not seen in other treated skin samples. This indicates CD-2394 may induce an embryonic differentiation pathway distinct from normal or regenerative differentiation.

Cardionogen-2 is a biphasic cardiac regulatory agent that can either promote or inhibit heart formation depending on the intervention stage. It inhibits Wnt β-catenin-dependent transcription in mouse embryonic stem cells and zebrafish embryos.

BRD4 Inhibitor-40 (Compound 23) functions as an inhibitor of BRD, effectively targeting BRD4-BD1, BRD4-BD2, BRD2-BD1, and BRD2-BD2, with IC50 values of 16.1, 142.18, 29.35, and 302.35 nM, respectively. It modulates the expression of c-Myc and p21, induces cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, and inhibits Pkd1-deficient (PN) renal cystic epithelial cells. Additionally, it prevents renal cyst formation in both Madin-Darby canine kidney and embryonic kidney cyst models, and demonstrates renal cyst inhibition activity in mouse models.

Cardiogenol C is a cardiomyogenesis inducer in embryonic stem cells.

Phthalazinone pyrazole is potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of Aurora-A kinase. Aurora-A is overexpressed in a variety of tumor types and displays oncogenic activity.

CHIR-99021 HCl (Laduviglusib HCl) is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of GSK-3α/β, with IC50 values of 10 nM and 6.7 nM respectively. It demonstrates remarkable selectivity for GSK-3, with over 500-fold selectivity over CDC2, ERK2, and other protein kinases. Additionally, CHIR-99021 HCl serves as a robust activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, it exhibits the ability to enhance self-renewal in both mouse and human embryonic stem cells. Furthermore, CHIR-99021 HCl induces autophagy [1] [2] [3].

IDE1 can induce definitive endoderm from embryonic stem cells. It has been shown to induce the differentiation of Sox17+ FoxA2+-expressing pancreatic progenitors from human and mouse embryonic stems cells (EC50: 125.5 nM in vitro) by activating the TGF-β signaling pathway. IDE1-derived endodermal cells injected into E8.75 mouse embryos ex vivo have been shown to incorporate into the developing gut tube, contributing to its formation.

Ganglioside GQ1b is a tetrasialoganglioside that contains two sialic acid residues linked to an inner galactose unit. It stimulates phosphorylation of several ecto-type protein kinase substrates on the surface of GOTO human neuroblastoma cells when used at a concentration of 5 nM. Ganglioside GQ1b promotes differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to neuronal precursor and glial cells via activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. It also induces differentiation of murine keratinocytes through phosphoinositide turnover. Ganglioside GQ1b mixture contains ganglioside GQ1b molecular species with C18:1 and C20:1 sphingoid backbones.

MS351 is an antagonist of chromobox 7 (CBX7) that acts by binding the CBX7 chromodomain. It enhances the binding of long noncoding RNA to the CBX7 chromodomain when used at 25 μM. MS351 induces transcriptional derepression of CBX7 target genes, including p16 (INK4a), in mouse embryonic stem cells and human prostate cancer PC3 cells.

SB 202190 hydrochloride is the salt form of SB 202190.SB 202190 (FHPI) is a p38 MAPK inhibitor that inhibits p38α and p38β2 with selective, cell-permeable, and antitumor activity, and also induces differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to cardiomyocytes.

C6 urea ceramide is an inhibitor of neutral ceramidase.1 It increases total ceramide levels in wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and in HT-29 colon cancer cells but not in MEFs lacking neutral ceramidase. It inhibits proliferation of, and induces apoptosis and autophagy in HT-29, but not non-cancerous RIE-1, cells when used at concentrations of 5 and 10 μM. C6 urea ceramide decreases total β-catenin, increases phosphorylated β-catenin, and induces colocalization of β-catenin with the 20S proteasome in HT-29 and HCT116, but not RIE-1, cells. It reduces tumor growth and increases C16, C18, C20, and C24 ceramide levels in tumor tissue in an HT-29 mouse xenograft model when administered at doses of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg for five days. |1. García-Barros, M., Coant, N., Kawamori, T., et al. Role of neutral ceramidase in colon cancer. FASEB J. 30(12), 4159-4171 (2016).