β-amyloid , human

β-Amyloid (1-42), human, Ala(13C3,15N) TFA is a β-Amyloid (1-42), human marked with 13C and 15N. This unprocessed HFIP peptide comprises 42 amino acids and is a brain-permeable amyloid fragment, useful for researching Alzheimer's and Down syndrome. In monomer form, β-Amyloid (1-42), human provides antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Upon HFIP monomerization and DMSO solvent preparation, it forms soluble oligomers (AβOs) at 4°C, which exhibit synaptotoxicity and neurotoxicity, while at 37°C it forms insoluble fibrils with lower neurotoxicity, involved in oxidative damage. Aβ42 oligomers interact with neuronal surface receptors such as PrPc, mGluR5, and NMDA receptor, activating signaling pathways that induce oxidative stress, calcium imbalance, synaptotoxicity, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death.

Human beta-amyloid protein 42 (1-7) is a bioactive chemical.

Amyloid-β (25-35) (Aβ (25-35)) is an 11-residue fragment of the Aβ protein that retains the physical and biological characteristics of the full length peptide. It forms fibrils that react to thioflavin T and Congo red and are organized in a cross-β arrangement of β-strands similar to Aβ (1-40) and Aβ (1-42) fibrils. Aggregated Aβ (25-35) decreases the viability of rat adrenal PC12 cells. It also decreases the viability of primary rat cortical neurons at concentrations ranging from 1 nM to 30 μM. In vivo, intracerebral injection of Aβ (25-35) (20 nmol) in rats induces lesions of neuronal and tissue loss. Aggregated Aβ (25-35) administered intracerebroventricularly to rats induces learning and memory impairments in the Y-maze, novel object recognition, and contextual fear conditioning tests.

β-Amyloid (42-1), human TFA is an inactive form of the amyloid β peptide (1-42) composed of 42 amino acids, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and is commonly used to establish Alzheimer's disease animal models.

β-Amyloid (1-43)(human) TFA exhibits greater aggregation tendencies and heightened toxicity compared to Aβ1-42. This compound also associates with sAPPα and sAPPβ and has the potential to serve as an additional biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD), complementing existing markers [1].

Biotin-β-Amyloid (1-42), human TFA, also known as Biotin-Amyloid β-Peptide (1-42) (human) TFA, is a biotin-labeled 42-amino acid peptide implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.

β-Amyloid precursor protein (96-110), cyclized (human), a segment of the amyloid precursor protein, serves as a research tool in Alzheimer's disease studies [1].

β-Amyloid(28-35) human is a neurotoxic β-amyloid peptide fragment that contributes to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis by interacting with neuronal membranes, modulating its secondary structure and toxicity. It also exhibits anisotropic effects on the acidic phospholipid DPH, thereby increasing the internal fluidity within lipid membrane bilayers [1].

β-Amyloid(17-28) human is a fragment of the β-amyloid peptide (Abeta) associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), promoting the aggregation of the full-length β-Amyloid40 into toxic aggregates [1]. This lipid-induced amyloid core segment is implicated in AD pathogenesis.

β-Amyloid (42-1), human is the inactive form of amyloid β peptide (1-42), consisting of 42 amino acids. It plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and is commonly used to induce Alzheimer's disease models.

Amyloid β Peptide (42-1)(human) acetate is the inactive form of Amyloid β Peptide (1-42). Amyloid β Peptide (42-1)(human) acetate is a 42-amino acid peptide which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease.

(Gln22)β-Amyloid (1-40) human is a peptide containing amyloid β-protein (Aβ), which can be utilized in Alzheimer's disease research.

Citrullinated amyloid-β(1-40) peptide (human) (Citrullinated Aβ (1-40)) is a modified form of β-Amyloid (1-40) that has undergone citrullination at the Arg5 position. Compared to the unmodified β-Amyloid (1-40), it exhibits increased transient formation of soluble oligomers and insoluble aggregates composed of twisted parallel β-sheets.

5-FAM-β-Amyloid (1-42), human (5-FAM-Amyloid β-peptide (1-42) (human) TFA) is a β-Amyloid (1-42), human variant labeled with 5-FAM.

Anti-Human/Mouse/Rat Amyloid-beta Antibody (MOAB-2) is an IgG2b, λ inhibitor derived from mice, targeting Amyloid-beta.

DAPT (LY-374973) is a γ-secretase inhibitor that inhibits total Aβ and Aβ42 (IC50=115/200 nM) and is orally active. DAPT is also a Notch inhibitor. DAPT induces cell differentiation, autophagy and apoptosis.

Aducanumab (BIIB037), A selective human immunoglobulin gamma-1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody, targets the clustered form of amyloid beta (Aβ). Aducanumab shows brain permeability and may be used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Stavudine (BMY-27857), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor analog of thymidine, has activity against HIV.

Human Serum Albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in human plasma, is produced in the liver and is water soluble, with a molecular weight of 66.5 kDa. HSA inhibits Alzheimer's disease by selectively binding to cross-structured A oligomers. HSA is a key endogenous inhibitor of amyloid-β (Αβ) aggregation. HSA is used as a carrier protein in cell culture for the transport of fatty acids, steroids, and thyroid hormones and to regulate osmolality of the blood, and is also used in drug delivery studies, immunoassays, and cell freezing. cell freezing.

Umibecestat is an inhibitor of beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE-1), with IC50s of 11 nM and 10 nM for human BACE-1 and mouse BACE-1, respectively. Umibecestat can be used for the research of alzheimer's disease.

Neuropeptide Y (29-64), amide, human acetate is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and protects rat cortical neurons against β-Amyloid toxicity.

γ-Secretase modulator 4 is a potent γ-secretase modulator that reduces Aβ42 levels with IC50s of 0.017 μM in mice and 0.014 μM in humans.

Enterocin (Vulgamycin) is a bacteriocin and polyketide antibiotic produced by Enterococcus spp. bacteria that is readily degraded by proteolytic hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract and is capable of controlling foodborne pathogens such as L. monocytogenes, Listeria, and Bacillus through human consumption. and and Bacillus.

Flutafuranol, also known as AZD 4694 and NAV4694, is a bio-active chemical. AZD4694 shows high affinity for beta-amyloid fibrils in vitro (K(d) = 2.3 +/- 0.3 nM). The fluorine-18 labeled AZD4694 may have potential for PET-visualization of cerebral beta-am