Phenylpropanoids

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Phenylpropanoids are a large class of plant secondary metabolites derived from aromatic amino acids phenylalanine in most plants or tyrosine in partial monocots. It mainly includes flavonoids, monolignols, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and coumarins. Phenylpropanoids are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and play vital roles in plant development by acting as essential components of cell walls, protectants against high light and UV radiation, phytoalexins against herbivores and pathogens, floral pigments to mediate plant–pollinator interactions. In addition, phenylpropanoids possess diverse biological activities that are beneficial to human health.

Maytansinol

Ansamitocin P-0

T1601657103-68-1

Maytansinol (Ansamitocin P-0) inhibits microtubule assembly and causes microtubule disassembly in vitro.

ADC Cytotoxin Apoptosis Microtubule Associated

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Chlorogenic Acid

NSC-407296, Heriguard, 3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid

T2805327-97-9

Chlorogenic acid is a natural phenol found in honeysuckle. Chlorogenic acid has a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective.

Antibacterial Endogenous Metabolite HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Influenza Virus Reactive Oxygen Species ROS

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3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid

Isochlorogenic acid B

T6S152514534-61-3

3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Isochlorogenic acid B) has antioxidant activity.

Antioxidant Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite Glucosidase glycosidase Influenza Virus

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Magnolol

NSC 293099, 5,5'-Diallyl-2,2'-biphenyldiol

T3000528-43-8

Magnolol (5,5'-Diallyl-2,2'-biphenyldiol) is a dual agonist of RXRα( EC50=10.4 μM) and PPARγ(EC50=17.7 μM). It blocks TNF-α-induced NF-KB activation.

Antibacterial Autophagy NF-κB p53 PPAR Retinoid Receptor

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4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid

Isochlorogenic acid C, 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid

T2S115857378-72-0

1. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Isochlorogenic acid C) has antiviral activity, including anti-HIV-1 integrase activity. 2. 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (Isochlorogenic acid C) shows anti-hepatotoxic activity.

Apoptosis Endogenous Metabolite Glucosidase glycosidase HBV

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L-DOPA

Levodopa, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine

T084859-92-7

L-DOPA (Levodopa) is an orally active metabolic precursor of the neurotransmitter dopamine. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and be converted into dopamine in the brain. L-DOPA exhibits anti-hyperalgesic effects and holds potential in Parkinson’s disease research, and it can also be used to induce Parkinson’s disease models.

Dopamine Receptor Endogenous Metabolite

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Daphnetin

Daphnetol, 7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin

T2851486-35-1

Daphnetin (7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin), a natural coumarin derivative, is a protein kinase inhibitor with inhibitory for EGFR (IC50: 7.67 μM), PKA (IC50: 9.33 μM), and PKC (IC50: 25.01 μM), also exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Akt AMPK Apoptosis Autophagy Bcl-2 Family Caspase EGFR mTOR Parasite PARP PKA PKC Reactive Oxygen Species ROS

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Magnesium Lithospermate B

T20793122021-74-3

Magnesium Lithospermate B is a natural product activates eNOS and ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in diabetes by enhancing vasodilation in addition to reducing oxidative stress, it can protecte cardiomyocytes from ischemic injury through specific inhibition of TAB1-p38 apoptosis signaling.improves renal failure.

ATPase Others

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Scoparone

Scoparon, Escoparone, Aesculetin dimethyl ether, 6,7-Dimethylesculetin, 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin

T2729120-08-1

Scoparone (Aesculetin dimethyl ether) can be found in a number of food items such as sweet orange, wild celery, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), and lemon. It is found in the Chinese herb Artemisia scoparia and has been studied for its potential pharmacological properties including immunosuppression and vasorelaxation. Scoparone is found in anise. Scoparone is found in several citrus oils.

Others

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Schisandrin B

Wuweizisu-B, Schizandrin B, Schisandrin B (Sch B), gamma-Schisandrin

T292561281-37-6

Schisandrin B (Schisandrin B (Sch B)) has an antioxidant effect on rodent liver and heart.

ATM/ATR Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species ROS

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N-trans-Feruloyltyramine

N-Feruloyltyramine, Moupinamide

T3S064566648-43-9

1. N-trans-Feruloyltyramine (Feruloyltyramine)(NTF) has hepatoprotective effect. 2. NTF has antioxidative activity against Aβ(1-42)-induced neuronal death. 3. NTF is likely to inhibit COX enzymes, thereby suppressing P-selectin expression on platelets, is a platelet aggregation inhibitor. 4. NTF inhibits melanogenesis in a dose-dependent manner, NTF induces downregulation of tyrosinase resulted in suppression of melanin biosynthesis in murine B16 melanoma cells.

Apoptosis COX Reactive Oxygen Species ROS

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Plantainoside D

Isoplantamajoside

T5796147331-98-4

Plantainoside D (Isoplantamajoside) shows potent antioxidative effects as those of ascorbic acid, it shows angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory inhibitory activity in vitro with the IC(50) value of 2.17 mM, it also shows inhibitory activity against PKCalpha with the IC50 value14.8microM.

Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE)Apoptosis Calcium Channel IκB/IKK NF-κB NOD-like Receptor (NLR)PKC RAAS ROS Sirtuin

$122

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Methyl rosmarinate

TN192899353-00-1

Methyl rosmarinate is a noncompetitive tyrosinase inhibitor isolated from Rabdosia serra, with an IC50 of 0.28 mM for mushroom tyrosinase. It exhibits antioxidative and antifungal activities, and also inhibits tyrosinase, α±-glucosidase, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1).

Anti-infection MMP Tyrosinase

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Cryptochlorogenic acid

4-O-Caffeoylquinic acid, 4-Caffeoylquinic acid

T6S1537905-99-7

1. Cryptochlorogenic acid (4-O-Caffeoylquinic acid) has antioxidant activity.

Antioxidant Endogenous Metabolite HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase mTOR NF-κB Nrf2

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1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid

CYNARIN, Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 1,3-bis[[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-, (1S,3R,4R,5R)-, 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid, 1,3-O-Dicaffeoylquinic acid

T573619870-46-3

1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid (CYNARIN) is a natural product. It shows antioxidant and choleretic properties and is a potential immunosuppressive agent.

Akt PI3K Reactive Oxygen Species ROS

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Plantamajoside

Y0160, C10485

T3409104777-68-6

Plantamajoside (Y0160) has anti-hepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive activities, improving sexual function and antioxidant activity.

Akt Apoptosis Autophagy NF-κB Others p38 MAPK PI3K Src

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3-Feruloylquinic acid

3-O-Feruloylquinic acid

TN12621899-29-2

3-O-Feruloylquinic acid is a protease inhibitor, it exerts moderate inhibitory effect against AIV (H5N1) in vitro.

Antifection COX Interleukin NF-κB NO Synthase Proteasome

$163

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regaloside I

TN7117126239-78-9

Regaloside I is the monomeric component in lily. Regaloside I could be the main constituent in protecting human dermal fibroblasts from UVA-induced morphological changes [1].

Others

$117

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9''-Methyl salvianolate B

9'-Methyl lithospermate B

T49611167424-31-8

9'-Methyl lithospermate B is a phenolic compound extracted from Radix Salvia miltiorrhizae.

Others

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Rosavin

Rosavidin

T388684954-92-7

Rosavin (Rosavidin) has antidepressant and anxiolytic actions, helps balance all the neurotransmitters.

Cytochromes P450 Interleukin TNF

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L-Chicoric Acid

trans-Caffeoyltartaric acid, dicaffeoyltartaric acid, Chicoric acid, (-)-Chicoric acid

T6S239170831-56-0

L-Chicoric Acid (trans-Caffeoyltartaric acid) has been shown to inhibit hyaluronidase and HIV-1 integrase, and to possess phagoeytosis stimulatory activity in vitro and in vivo and antiviral acitivy. L-Chicoric acid may reduce acute alcohol-induced steatosis in mice through interfering with the induction of iNOS and iNOS-dependent signaling cascades in the liver. 3. L-Chicoric acid inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes which was characterized by chromatin condensation and poly ADP-ribose-polymerase (PARP) cleavage.

Endogenous Metabolite HIV Protease

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beta-Asarone

Cis-Isoelemicin, Cis-Isoasarone, Cis-Asarone

T4S19625273-86-9

1. beta-Asarone (Cis-Isoelemicin) may be a potential preventive drug for Alzheimer's disease. 2. Beta-Asarone prevents autophagy and synaptic loss by reducing ROCK expression in SAMP8 mice. 3. The co-administration of beta-Asarone(Cis-Isoasarone) and l-dopa may contribute to the treatment of 6-OHDA-induced damage in rats by inhibiting autophagy activity. 4. Beta-Asarone exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators through NF-κB signaling and the JNK pathways in activated microglial cells and might be developed as a promising candidate to treat various neuroinflammatory diseases.

JNK NF-κB

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Forsythoside E

T5S109493675-88-8

Forsythoside E is a natutal product isolated from fruits of forsythia suspensa.

Others

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Brandioside

2'-O-Acetylpoliumoside, 2'-Acetylpoliumoside

TN1449133393-81-4

Brandioside (2'-Acetylpoliumoside), a phenylpropanoid glycoside obtainable from Callicarpa dichotoma Raeuschel, Verbenaceae, has antioxidant activity, attenuates glutamate-induced neurotoxicity, and can be used in the study of diabetes mellitus.

Antioxidant

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