sympathetic

Hexamethonium Bromide (Hexamethonium Dibromide), a specific antagonist of neuronal-type nicotinic AChR in ganglia, is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier.

Ripisartan (UP-269-6) is a potent and specific angiotensin II receptor antagonist that inhibits angiotensin II-mediated sympathetic tachycardia responses.

Losulazine is a peripheral sympathetic antihypertensive compound that can be taken orally. Losulazine causes relatively modest, transient depletion of dopamine and norepinephrine in brain regions protected by the blood-brain barrier.

Synephrine (Oxedrine) is sympathetic alpha-adrenergic agonist used as a vasoconstrictor in circulatory failure, asthma, nasal congestion, and glaucoma.

Acetylcholine bromide is the bromide salt of acetylcholine. It is an neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central ner

1. Methyl eugenol (4-allylveratrole) is a natural constituent of the essential oils of a number of plants widely used in foodstuffs as flavouring agents, in view of the carcinogenic potential of ME, the need to check its presence in food products with effective analytical methods. 2. Methyleugenol has insecticidal properties. 3. Methyleugenol can inhibit the production of nitric oxide and decreased the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, it down-regulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the ischemic brain as well as in immunostimulated mixed glial cells; indicates that methyleugenol could be useful for the treatment of ischemia/inflammation-related diseases. 4. Methyleugenol has cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. 5. Intravenous (i.v.) treatment with methyleugenol (ME) in either anesthetized or conscious rats elicits hypotension, an effect that seems related to an active vascular relaxation rather than withdrawal of sympathetic tone. 6. Methyleugenol has antinociceptive effect on the second phase of formalin-induced pain, may be due to the inhibition of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor-mediated hyperalgesia via GABA(A) receptors. 7. Methyleugenol has elaxant and antispasmodic actions on guinea-pig isolated ileum.

Methyldopa hydrate (MK-351 hydrate) is a DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor and indirect α2-adrenergic receptor agonist used to treat hypertension. It inhibits the sympathetic nervous system, decreases production of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, and exhibits NO-dependent sedative activity.

Acetylcholine iodide (Acetylcolina) is a neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.

Atropine (DL-Hyoscyamine) Sulfate is the sulfate salt of atropine, a naturally-occurring alkaloid isolated from the plant Atropa belladonna. Atropine functions as a sympathetic, competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby abolishing the effects of parasympathetic stimulation.

N6-Cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) is a selective agonist of A1 receptor with EC50 of 8.2 Nm. N6-Cyclohexyladenosine exerts anticonvulsant effects and protects against neuronal death. CHA was also found to inhibit the pressor effects of lumbar sympathetic nerve stimulation in rats.

RGH-5526 is a novel antihypertensive drug. It causes an increase in hypothalamic norepinephrine (NA) turnover (utilization), and the increase in hypothalamic noradrenergic neuron activity may lead to a decrease in peripheral sympathetic nerve activity, resulting in a significant reduction in blood pressure.

Esmolol is a short-acting hyper selective β-adrenergic blocker. It is effective in blunting adrenergic responses to several perioperative stimuli. Esmolol is effective not only in attenuating intraoperative hemodynamic changes related to sympathetic overd

Noradrenaline tartrate is an effective adrenergic receptor agonist that activates α1, α2, and β1 receptors. It is a precursor of epinephrine and serves as the principal neurotransmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and the diffuse projection system in the brain originating from the locus coeruleus, and can be used to establish cardiomyopathy models.

Butocrolol is an amino alcohol derivative that exhibits β-blocker, antiarrhythmic, and local anesthetic properties. This compound shares sympathetic inhibition and antiarrhythmic effects similar to propranolol but has weaker local anesthetic effects.

Butocrolol is an amino alcohol derivative characterized by its β-adrenergic blocking, antiarrhythmic, and local anesthetic properties. Its efficacy in sympathetic blockade and antiarrhythmic effects is similar to propranolol, although it exhibits lower local anesthetic activity.

ent-Levobunolol (hydrochloride) ((R)-Bunolol (hydrochloride)) is a competitive β-adrenergic receptor blocker. It functions by inhibiting the transmission of sympathetic nerve impulses, reducing the production of aqueous humor, and constricting blood vessels within the eye, thereby lowering intraocular pressure. This compound shows potential for research in conditions like glaucoma and other ocular hypertension disorders.

7-Hydroxy ropinirole (SK&F 89124) bromide is a potent and highly selective DA2 receptor agonist, derived from N,N-di-n-propyldopamine (DPDA). In isolated rabbit ear artery models, 7-Hydroxy ropinirole (bromide) exerts its DA2 agonistic effect by inhibiting neurotransmitter release or sympathetic-induced responses. This compound holds potential for research in cardiovascular and neurological disease areas.

Atomoxetine (HSDB 7352) is a selective norepinephrine inhibitor that may cause an increase in blood pressure by increasing norepinephrine concentrations in peripheral sympathetic neurons .Atomoxetine is a highly selective antagonist of presynaptic norepinephrine transporters with little or no affinity for other norepinephrine receptors or other neurotransmitter transporters or receptors, but has little or no affinity for 5- hydroxytryptamine transporter. Atomoxetine selectively inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and can be used to treat adolescents with ADHD and chronic tics.

7-Hydroxy-DPAT hydrobromide is a selective D3 dopamine receptor agonist that blocks dopamine reuptake and inhibits sympathetic activation of BAT induced by cold exposure or direct activation of NMDA receptors, used in neurodegenerative disease research.

McN-A 343 is a selective M1 muscarinic agonist known for its ability to stimulate muscarinic transmission in sympathetic ganglia. It has been found to effectively reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in experimental models of ulcerative colitis.

Ephedrine levulinate is an alkaloid. Ephedrine acts as an agonist at alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors and indirectly causes the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic neurons.

PD-34799-SA is an effective inhibitor of vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation.

Oxypyrronium bromide is an anticholinergic and spasmolytic agent containing quaternary ammonium. In animal models it inhibited gastric motility, hypotension induced by vagus stimulation or intravenation of acetylcholine; salivation induced by chorda tympani nerve stimulation, and contraction elicited by preganglionic cervical sympathetic nerve stimulation.

Acetabuton is an alpha-adrenergic blocker and a hemodynamic and sympathetic drug.