smad3

Expression system: Baculovirus Insect Cells
Length: 1-425, Full Length
Activity: Not Tested

Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3(SMAD3) is a cytoplasm protein which belongs to the dwarfin SMAD family. Smad proteins undergo rapid nuclear translocation upon stimulation by transforming growth factor and in so doing transduce the signal into the nucleus. Receptor-regulated SMAD is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta and activin type 1 receptor kinases. SMAD3 binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD3 SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. It also can form a SMAD3 SMAD4 JUN FOS complex at the AP-1 SMAD site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated transcription. SMAD3 has an inhibitory effect on wound healing probably by modulating both growth and migration of primary keratinocytes and by altering the TGF-mediated chemotaxis of monocytes. This effect on wound healing appears to be hormone-sensitive.

Expression system: Baculovirus Insect Cells
Length: 1-425, Full Length
Activity: Not Tested

Expression system: E. coli
Length: 1-748, Full Length
Activity: Not Tested

Expression system: E. coli
Length: 299-407, Full Length of Mature Protein
Activity: Not Tested

Expression system: E. coli
Length: 1-196, Full Length
Activity: Not Tested

Expression system: P. pastoris (Yeast)
Length: 1-186, Full Length
Activity: Not Tested

Expression system: E. coli
Length: 1-289, Full Length
Activity: Not Tested

SMAD Family Member 4 (SMAD4) is a cytoplasmic protein that belongs to the Dwarfin SMAD family. SMAD4 contains one MH1 (MAD homology 1) domain and one MH2 (MAD homology 2) domain. It is the component of the heterotrimeric SMAD2 SMAD3-SMAD4 complex that forms in the nucleus and is required for the TGF-mediated signaling. SMAD4 promotes binding of the SMAD2 SMAD4 FAST-1 complex to DNA and provides an activation function required for SMAD1 or SMAD2 to stimulate transcription. SMAD4 may act as a tumor suppressor. It positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator. Mutations or deletions in SMAD4 have been shown to result in pancreatic cancer, juvenile polyposis syndrome, and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia syndrome.

Expression system: HEK293 Cells
Length: 30-125, Partial
Activity: Not Tested

Expression system: Baculovirus Insect Cells
Length: 1-505, Full Length
Activity: Not Tested

Amelotin (AMTN) is a tooth enamel protein which is expressed in maturation-stage ameloblasts and also in the internal basal lamina of junctional epithelium, a unique epithelial structure attached to the tooth surface which protects against the constant microbiological challenge to the periodontium. TNF-α stimulates AMTN gene transcription in human gingival epithelial cells via C EBP1, C EBP2, and YY1 elements in the human AMTN gene promoter.AMTN mRNA levels increased at 6 h and reached maximum at 24 h in GE1 cells. Luciferase activities of the mouse AMTN gene promoter constructs were induced by TGFβ1. AMTN mRNA levels were induced at the initiation of apoptosis by TGFβ1, which mediated through the Smad3 bindings to SBEs in the mouse AMTN gene promoter. Amelotin (Amtn) is a recently identified enamel protein secreted by ameloblasts at late stage of enamel development. Runt‑related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in combination with the coactivator core‑binding factor β (Cbfβ) regulates the early stages of tooth development.

Expression system: HEK293 Cells
Length: 1-199, Full Length of Mature Protein
Activity: Not Tested

Casein kinase I gamma 2 isoform (CSNK1G2), a member of the large casein kinase I (CKI) subfamily, protein kinase superfamily. It may affect the development of brain, and associate with vesicular trafficking and neurotransmitter releasing from small synaptic vesicles. The CKI family includes several other isoforms (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta). Dishevelled (Dsh), another positive component of the Wnt pathway, becomes phosphorylated in response to Wnt signals. All the CKI isoforms, with the exception of gamma, increase the phosphorylation of Dsh in vivo. Casein kinase 1 gamma (CK1gamma, or CSNK1G) is associated with the cell membrane and binds to LRP. CK1gamma was found to be needed for Wnt signaling through Wnt receptor LRP. CSNK1G2 inhibits Smad3-mediated TGF-beta responses including induction of target genes and cell growth arrest, and this inhibition is dependent on CSNK1G2 kinase activity. The overexpression of CSNK1G2 in human cancers, may act as an oncoprotein during tumorigenesis. In addition, as an MTA1s-binding protein, CSNK1G2 could further potentiate the estrogen receptor (ER) corepressive function of MTA1s.

Serine threonine-protein kinase 16, also known as myristoylated and palmitoylated serine threonine-protein kinase, Protein kinase PKL12, TGF-beta-stimulated factor 1, TSF-1, MPSK1 and STK16, is a membrane protein that is ubiquitously expressed at very low levels. STK16 MPSK1 belongs to the protein kinase superfamily and Ser Thr protein kinase family. It contains one protein kinase domain. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) shows a variety of biological activities in various organs or cells. Some factors such as Smads (Sma and Mad proteins) and TGF-beta activating kinase 1 have been characterized as signalling molecules downstream of TGF-beta. Several TGF-beta response elements have been identified such as cAMP response element, Smad binding element, and recognition sites for activating protein-1 and stimulating protein-1 in various gene promoters. STK16 MPSK1 is a unique factor with two biological functions, transcriptional regulation and protein phosphorylation, that may be involved in TGF-beta signals. STK16 MPSK1 is a protein kinase that acts on both serine and threonine residues. STK16 MPSK1 possessed DNA-binding ability and activated the TGF-beta responsive CNP promoter or vascular endothelial growth factor gene promoter which possesses a sequence element analogous to the TGF-beta responsive GC-rich element of the CNP promoter. STK16 MPSK1 did not directly activate a Smads-dependent promoter from plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene, but it showed enhancement in co-operation with Smad3 and Smad4. STK16 MPSK1 mRNA as well as its protein level were stimulated by TGF-beta treatment.