insulinotropic

Mitiglinide calcium hydrate (S-21403 calcium hydrate) is a drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Mitiglinide is thought to stimulate insulin secretion by closing the ATP-sensitive K(+) K(ATP) channels in pancreatic beta-cells. Mitiglinide belongs to the meglitinide class of blood glucose-lowering drugs and is currently co-marketed in Japan by Kissei and Takeda.

Tirzepatide (LY3298176) Acetate (2023788-19-2 free base) is a new molecule that can control blood glucose levels by combining dual agonism of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors.[3]

(2S,3R,4S)-4-Hydroxyisoleucine (Hydroxyisoleucine) from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds is a potential insulinotropic (anti-diabetic) and anti-obesity amino acid that stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic cells, activates insulin receptor substrate-associated phosphoinositide 3 (PI3) kinase activity, and reduces plasma levels of triglycerides, free fatty acids, and cholesterol.

Mitiglinide (KAD-1229) is an insulinotropic agent that is an ATP-sensitive K + (K ATP ) channel antagonist. Mitiglinide is highly specific to the Kir6.2/SUR1 complex (the pancreatic beta-cell K ATP channel). Mitiglinide is able to be used for the research of type 2 diabetes [1] [2].

This GIP fragment has potent insulinotropic activity in the isolated, perfused rat pancreas but greatly reduced somatostatinotropic activity in the isolated perfused rat stomach. The site responsible for insulinotropic activity apparently lies between residues 19 and 30 of GIP.

GIP (1-30) amide, porcine acetate is an agonist of fully glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor. GIP (1-30) amide, porcine acetate can weakly inhibit gastric acid secretion and strongly stimulate insulin.

GIP (3-42), human acetate is an antagonist of a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor and regulates insulin secretion and GIP metabolism in vivo.

GIP (1-30) amide, porcine TFA is a high-affinity full agonist of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor, with potency comparable to native GIP(1-42) [1]. It also exhibits potent insulin-stimulating properties and weakly inhibits gastric acid secretion.

Compound 5a, also known as DPP-4 inhibitor 3, is a powerful dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, demonstrating an IC50 value of 0.75 nM. It exhibits outstanding antioxidant and insulinotropic activity [1].

Mitiglinide Calcium (KAD-1229) is a blood glucose-lowering drugs, stimulating insulin secretion by closing the ATP-sensitive K+ channels in pancreatic beta-cells.

4-Hydroxyisoleucine (4-Hydroxy-L-isoleucine) has antidepressant-like, antidyslipidemic, and antihyperglycemic effects. It displays an insulinotropic activity.

Tirzepatide TFA (LY3298176 TFA), a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, is under development for type 2 diabetes treatment [1].

GIP (1-30) amide, human acetate is a fragment of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), an incretin hormone that plays a crucial role in stimulating insulin secretion and mitigating postprandial glycemic excursions. This compound has been shown to enhance insulin secretion in a dose-dependent manner across concentrations of 10^-9 to 10^-6 M [1].

Retatrutide (LY3437943) is a triple agonist of the glucagon receptor, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), and inhibits GCGR, GIPR, and GLP-1R.Retatrutide can be used to study obesity.

Retatrutide (LY3437943) TFA is a triple agonist peptide targeting the glucagon receptor (GCGR), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR), and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), with inhibitory activity and EC50 values of 5.79 nM for GCGR, 0.0643 nM for GIPR, and 0.775 nM for GLP-1R, holding potential for obesity research applications [1].

[Tyr0] Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (23-42), human, is a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) that modestly inhibits gastric acid secretion while enhancing insulin secretion, making it relevant for research on diabetes and obesity [1] [2].

Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (porcine), also known as a glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, is a 42-amino acid intestinal hormone that influences fat and glucose metabolism [1].

Acetyl Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (human), a fatty acid-derivatized analog of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, exhibits enhanced antihyperglycemic and insulinotropic characteristics. This compound is utilized in diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity research [1] [2] [3].

(Ser8)-GLP-1 (7-36) amide, human, is a glucagon-like peptide-1 amide derived from glucagonogen, a cleavage product of the GLP-1 (1-36) amide peptide. This entero-insulinotropic hormone promotes glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and affects gastrointestinal motility and secretion [1].

Acetyl Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (human) TFA, a fatty acid-derivatized analog of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, exhibits enhanced antihyperglycemic and insulinotropic properties. It is utilized in the research of diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity [1] [2] [3].

Retatrutide acetate (LY3437943) is a peptide and triple agonist for the glucagon receptor (GCGR), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR), and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), exhibiting potent inhibitory effects on human GCGR, GIPR, and GLP-1R with EC50 values of 5.79, 0.0643, and 0.775 nM respectively; it is utilized in obesity research [1].

GIP, rat TFA (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide), a 42-amino acid peptide secreted by K cells in the duodenum and jejunum, promotes insulin release from pancreatic beta cells, supports beta cell proliferation, and enhances their survival. This rat-origin bioactive peptide, along with GLP (gastric-like peptide), belongs to the intestinal insulinotropic hormone family and is implicated in lipid homeostasis and potentially in the pathogenesis of obesity. Recent research suggests GIP's multifaceted role in these metabolic processes.

GIP (rat) (Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide), also known as Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide, is a biologically active 42-amino acid peptide secreted by the K cells of the duodenum and jejunum following food consumption. It belongs to the incretin hormone peptide family, which includes GLP (Gastric-like Peptide), and it not only stimulates insulin release from pancreatic islet β-cells but also may encourage β-cell proliferation and survival. Additionally, recent research indicates GIP may have a role in lipid regulation and could contribute to the development of obesity.

CPF-7 (Caerulein precursor fragment), an insulinotropic peptide, promotes insulin secretion and drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition via Snai1 upregulation in PANC-1 ductal cells. Moreover, it induces exocrine plasticity through Ngn3 upregulation, with applications in type 2 diabetes research [1] [2].