fever

Aspirin is an orally active, selective, and irreversible inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 with IC₅₀ values of 5 and 210 μg/mL, respectively. It induces apoptosis, inhibits NF-κB activation and platelet prostaglandin synthesis, thereby preventing thrombosis. Additionally, it acts as a histone deacetylase inhibitor that upregulates p21, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-platelet aggregation activities. Aspirin is commonly used to induce gastric ulcer models.

FGI-106 tetrahydrochloride demonstrates potent inhibitory activity across a broad spectrum of viruses, including those causing hemorrhagic fevers such as Ebola, Rift Valley, and Dengue Fever, with half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50s) of 100 nM, 800 nM, and 400-900 nM, respectively. Additionally, it effectively inhibits non-hemorrhagic fever viruses, notably HCV and HIV-1, with EC50s of 200 nM and 150 nM, respectively, indicating its broad-spectrum antiviral potential.

2′-Deoxy-2′-fluoroguanosine is a nucleoside analog that potently inhibits influenza virus A and B strains(EC90 <0.35 μM). 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoroguanosine is an inhibitor of influenza virus replication in the upper respiratory tract, improving fever and nasal inflammation.

Firocoxib (ML 1785713) is a selective non-steroidal inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with an IC50 of 0.13 μM, used for its anti-inflammatory properties in dogs and horses.

QL-X-138 is a potent and selective BTK and MNK dual kinase inhibitor that binds covalently to BTK and non-covalently to MNK. The IC50 values of QL-X-138 are 9.4 nM for BTK, 107.4 nM for MNK1, 26 nM for MNK2, and 3.5 μM against Dengue 2. QL-X-138 is used in the study of B-cell malignancies and B-cell malignant tumors.

(+)-JNJ-A07 is a pan-serotypic dengue virus inhibitor that targets NS3-NS4B interaction with high potency. (+)-JNJ-A07 has antiviral activity and can be used to study dengue virus infections.

Mometasone furoate (Sch32088) is a pregnadienediol derivative with anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties, used in the management of asthma and allergic rhinitis, as well as a topical treatment for skin disorders.

Diphenhydramine (Syntedril), a first-generation antihistamine possessing antiemetic, antitussive, anticholinergic, and sedative properties, is mainly used in the treatment of allergies. Diphenhydramine is also used in the management of drug-induced parkinsonism and other extrapyramidal symptoms.

SP187 (MON-DNJ) is a host-targeted iminosugar. It has anti-filovirus infection activity.SP187 is used for therapeutic use against influenza and dengue viruses.

Diphenylpyraline hydrochloride (4-Diphenylmethoxy-1-methylpiperidine hydrochloride) is used in the treatment of Parkinsonism.It is a first-generation antihistamine with anticholinergic effects, functions as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor.

FGI-106 is a potent, broad-spectrum inhibitor demonstrating activity against various viruses, including Ebola, Rift Valley Fever, and Dengue Fever, exhibiting EC50 values of 100 nM, 800 nM, and 400-900 nM, respectively. Furthermore, it effectively inhibits non-hemorrhagic fever viruses such as HCV and HIV-1, with EC50s of 200 nM and 150 nM, respectively.

Tin-protoporphyrin IX dichloride (SnPPIX dichloride) is an HO-1) inhibitor with antiviral activity that inhibits dengue and yellow fever viruses.

NITD008 (7-Deaza-2'-C-acetylene-adenosine) is a potent and selective adenosine nucleoside inhibitor.NITD008 is an adenosine nucleoside analog with broad-spectrum antiviral activity that inhibits dengue, animal cupripoxvirus, and Zika virus.

QL47 is a host-targeted small molecule antiviral agent with antiviral activity against dengue and other RNA viruses.QL47 acts as an inhibitor of viral translation and a covalent inhibitor of BTK, and can be used in the study of lymphomas.

2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine, a nucleoside analog, is a potent inhibitor of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) replication and can act synergistically with T705 to enhance the antiviral effects on CCHFV replication[1]. It exhibits antiviral activity with EC50 values of 61 nM and 31 nM against CCHFV and CCHFV/ZsG in Huh7 cells, respectively, and has a CC50 of >50.0 μM in Huh7 cells[1]. [1]. Stephen R Welch, et al. Identification of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine as a potent inhibitor of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus replication using a recombinant fluorescent reporter virus. Antiviral Res. 2017 Nov;147:91-99.

Andecaliximab is a recombinant IgG4 monoclonal antibody targeting matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). Andecaliximab showed antifibrotic effects in a mouse model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Andecaliximab can be used to study gastric adenocarcinoma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), as well as dengue virus.

Clofeverine (free base) is a highly selective relaxant for gastrointestinal smooth muscles with a beta-receptor stimulative nature. On isolated ileum, the inhibitory effect of clofeverine for spontaneous motility was comparable to that of isoproterenol and 100 times higher than that of papaverine.

Clofeverine hydrochloride is the salt form of Clofeverine (free base), a highly selective relaxant for gastrointestinal smooth muscles with a beta-receptor stimulative nature. On isolated ileum, the inhibitory effect of clofeverine for spontaneous motility was comparable to that of isoproterenol and 100 times higher than that of papaverine.

Fenclozine Maleate (S 1429) is a potential histamine H1 receptor antagonist , which can be used to study fever, inflammation and pain.

Mizolastine (SL 850324) (IC50= 47 nM) is a histamine H1-receptor antagonist.It is used in the treatment of allergic reactions such as hay fever (seasonal allergic rhinitis), hives.

Fipexide (Attentil, Vigilor), a psychoactive drug of the piperazine chemical class, was developed in Italy in 1983. It was served as a nootropic drug in France and Italy, mainly for the therapy of senile dementia, but is no longer in common use because of the occurrence of rare drug side-effects including hepatitis and fever.

Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate (S-(+)-Chlorpheniramine maleate salt) is an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties used to treat allergic conditions such as hay fever or urticaria. It is the pharmacologically active dextrorotatory isomer of chlorpheniramine.

Etodolac (AY-24236) inhibits the activity of cyclooxygenase I and II, thereby preventing the formation of prostaglandin which is involved in the induction of pain, fever, and inflammation. Etodolac is a pyranocarboxylic acid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic activities. It also inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking platelet cyclooxygenase and the subsequent formation of thromboxane A2.

Chlorpheniramine maleate (NCI-C55265) is a histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.