diterpene

PHYTOL (trans-Phytol) , a diterpene alcohol from chlorophyll widely used as a food additive and in medicinal fields, shows antinociceptive and antioxidant activities as well as anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. It is a specific activator of PPARα.

Tanshinone IIA (Tanshinone B) is a diterpene quinone natural product that targets the protein kinase domain of VEGF VEGFR2. Tanshinone IIA inhibits angiogenesis and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and therapeutic activities against coronary heart disease.

Sclareol, a labdane-type diterpene isolated from clary sage (Salvia sclarea), exerts growth inhibition and cytotoxic activity against a variety of human Y cell lines.

Abietic Acid (Sylvic acid) is a diterpene extracted from Pimenta racemosavar. grissea with antimicrobial, antiproliferative and anti-obesity activities. It inhibits lipoxygenase activity and may be studied in allergic diseases.

Isosteviol ((-)-Isosteviol), a common natural sweetener, belongs to tetracyclic diterpene glycosides. The pharmacology researches have suggested that stevioside and its hydrolysis products, steviol, isosteviol and steviolbioside, have many biological activities, such as reducing blood glucose, lowering blood pressure, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-diarrhea, antibacterium, immunoregulation, etc.

Baccatin III (Baccatin Ⅲ) is a polycyclic diterpene which can be used for the semi-synthesis of paclitaxel and analogs. It has immunomodulatory and anticancer chemotherapeutic activities.

Leelamine hydrochloride, a tricyclic diterpene extracted from pine tree bark, inhibits the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor, known to regulate fatty acid synthesis [2,3]. This compound acts as a cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) agonist and suppresses SREBP1-regulated fatty acid lipid synthesis in prostate cancer cells, irrespective of androgen receptor status.

Methyl carnosate is a diterpene compound with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity isolated from sage or rosemary.

Isotanshinone IIA, could non-competitively inhibit Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) activity with an IC50 0f 11.4 μM. is an abietane-type diterpene metabolite.

Acanthoic acid is a pimaradiene diterpene isolated from Acanthopanax koreanum with anti-inflammatory activities. Acanthoic acid downregulates LPS-induced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production in BALF, attenuates lung histopathologic changes, and inhibits infla

Jolkinolide B is a bioactive diterpene isolated from the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud. Jolkinolide B induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Jolkinolide B can be used for studies on preventing and treating osteolysis.

Terpendole C is an indole diterpene alkaloid fungal metabolite originally isolated from A. yamanashiensis and an inhibitor of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT; IC50 = 2.1 μM in rat liver microsomes). It also inhibits ACAT in J774 macrophages (IC50 = 0.46 μM) without affecting cell growth.

Atractyloside is a glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of adenine nucleotide translocase.

Fuziline is a diterpene alkaloid found in Aconitum kusnezoffii and Aconitum carmichaelii.It is functionally related to an aconitane.

Phorbol (4β-Phorbol), a plant-derived diterpene, is a tumor promoter through the activation of protein kinase C.

Neophytadiene is a diterpene compound extracted from Turbinaria ornate, with anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, anxiolytic-like, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, and cardioprotective effects. It inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages and Sprague-Dawley rats and can be used in neurological disease research.

12- Epinapelline is a diterpene alkaloid which displays anaesthetic activity as toxic neurological agents. Similar to aconitine, its suggested that modulation of voltage gated Na+ channels are responsible for these observations.

20-DEOXYINGENOL is a natual product.

4-Deoxy-4α-phorbol, a tetracyclic diterpene identified in E. desmondi, serves as a precursor in the semisynthesis of compounds inhibiting HIV-1-induced cytopathic effects in MT-4 cells and the creation of 4α-phorbol esters.

Manool, a diterpene from Salvia miltiorrhiza, showed antitumor activity in a mouse melanoma model.Manool caused cell cycle arrest in the G(2) M phase of cancer cells, reducing the prevention of chromosomal damage and precancerous lesions.Manool induced endothelium-independent vasorelaxation mediated by the NO cGMP signaling pathway in rat aorta and lowered blood pressure.

Solidagolactone II, a chlorinated diterpene, has been isolated from Solidago virgaurea L. [1].

Preleoheterin (Compound 3), a labdane diterpene isolated from L. japonicus [1], exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-activated macrophages without inducing cytotoxicity at certain concentrations [2].

Ingol 7,8,12-triacetate 3-phenylacetate (compound 1), a functionalized ingol diterpene derived from spurge rum latex, exhibits no significant effect on the cell cycle.

Ingol 7,8,12-triacetate 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetate, a complex ingol diterpene derived from the latex of Euphorbia officinarum, features multiple acetate functional groups [1].