dimers

N-Acetyldopamine dimers B is a dimer form of N-Acetyldopamine [1] [2].

trans-2-Undecenoic acid ((E)-Undec-2-enoic acid) ((E)-2-Undecenoic acid) is an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid characterized by acid dimers.

Gramicidin (Gramicidine) is an antimicrobial peptide. Gramicidin dimers form ion channel-like pores in the cell membranes and organelles of bacterial and animal cells, allowing inorganic monovalent ions, such as potassium and sodium ions, to pass freely through the pores by diffusion, disrupting the important ionic gradient between membranes and thus killing the cells by various actions. Gramicidin is effective against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, but is not as effective against Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli.

Swinholide A is a polyketone compound that can be extracted from sponges and binds to actin to dimerize actin with Kd of about 50 nM. Swinholide A is a cytotoxin that stabilizes actin dimers and severs actin filaments. Swinholide A has antifungal activity and can damage the actin cytoskeleton of cells.

N-Acetyldopamine dimers A (Compound (+)-2) can be isolated from the cast-off shell of the cicada Cryptotympana sp. and increase collagen and α-SMA expression [1].