anti-stress

ML385 is an NRF2 inhibitor (IC50=1.9 μM) with novelty and specificity. ML385 has anti-inflammatory activity by modulating anti-oxidative stress through the inhibition of NRF2. ML385 also exhibits anti-tumor activity.

Prenyl-IN-1 is a potent and selective prenylation inhibitor of geranylgeranyltransferase or farnesyltransferase.Prenyl-IN-1 shows anti-oxidative stress effects in a Parkinson's model. Prenyl-IN-1 showed anti-oxidative stress in a Parkinson's model.

PF-04447943 (Edelinontrine) is a potent and selective phosphodiesterase 9A inhibitor with an IC50 of 12 nM, which is 78-fold more selective than that used for other PDE family members (IC50>1000 nM).PF-04447943 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, attenuates inflammatory responses by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and modulating T-cell polarization, and may be useful for research on sickle cell anemia.

Antroquinonol is a ubiquinone derivative from Antrodia camphorata with anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.Antroquinonol reduces oxidative stress and inhibits inflammation and sclerosis in mice with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis through enhancement of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.Antroquinonol has potential for use in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Antroquinonol has potential for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and may be used in colon cancer research.

Elsibucol (AGI 1096) is a VCAM1 inhibitor for the study of organ transplant rejection.Elsibucol is a metabolically stable propanol derivative with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. It lowers blood cholesterol levels and reduces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in injured arteries, thereby inhibiting atherosclerosis and protecting endothelial healing after arterial injury.

Miclxin (DS37262926) is a novel MIC60 inhibitor that induces apoptosis through mitochondrial stress in mutant tumor cells via β-catenin.Miclxin is a potent inhibitor of mutant β-catenin, which is involved in the Wnt signaling pathway.Miclxin induces β-catenin-dependent apoptosis, leading to mitochondrial damage and loss of mitochondrial membrane. Miclxin has anti-tumor activity and kills tumors by targeting MIC60.

Paeoniflorin (Peoniflorin) is a herbal constituent extracted from the root of Paeonia albiflora Pall.

L-Theanine is a relaxing and nondietary amino acid found pretty much exclusively in teas from Camellia sinensis and is known to promote relaxation without sedation.

Matrine (Vegard), an alkaloid isolated from the Sophora genus, acts as a kappa opioid receptor agonist.

Lycorine (Narcissine) inhibits protein synthesis and may inhibit ascorbic acid biosynthesis, although studies on the latter are controversial and inconclusive.

Sinapinic Acid (Synapoic acid) protects the rat liver from CCl4-induced inflammation, most likely by acting as a free radical scavenger and modulator of NF-κB p65 activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Sinapic acid with antioxidant role protects cardiac cells and its functions from I R induced oxidative stress. Sinapic acid is a potentially useful agent for the protection against liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Sinapic acid prevents the alterations in the levels of lipids and lipoproteins by virtue of its anti-lipidaemic effect in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarcted rats. Sinapic acid ameliorates hyperglycemia through PLC-PKC signals to enhance the glucose utilization in diabetic rats.

N,N'-Dimethylthiourea (DMTU) (DMTU), isolated from Allii Sativi Bulbus, is an orally active scavenger of hydroxyl radical ( OH) and blocks OH production by activated neutrophils in vitro. N,N'-Dimethylthiourea protects against water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS)-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats by exerting its antioxidant action including OH scavenging and anti-inflammatory action [1][2] .

Methyl jasmonate ((-)-Methyl jasmonate) is a hormone involved in plant signaling, inducing oxidative stress and accumulation of secondary metabolites in plant cells and organ cultures, and regulating the biosynthesis of other plant hormones. Methyl jasmonate induces plant defense responses against Andean lupin insects. Methyl jasmonate has anti-inflammatory activity.

Zingerone (Vanillylacetone) is a nontoxic methoxyphenol isolated from Zingiber officinale, with potent anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeic, antilipolytic, antispasmodic, and anti-tumor properties. Zingerone (Gingerone) alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation, down-regulates NF-κB mediated signaling pathways, acts as an anti-mitotic agent, and inhibits the growth of neuroblastoma cells.

Arecoline is a natural alkaloid derived from areca nut in the palm family and is a potent nicotine and partial agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Arecoline has anti-anxiety and anti-parasitic activity, can induce oxidative stress and can be used to study Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease.

N-Acetylcarnosine (N-Acetyl-L-carnosine) is thought to be able to combat some of the effects of oxidative stress as it has anti-oxidant properties.

Qingyangshengenin B (Otophylloside B) is a C-21 steroidal glycoside isolated from Qingyangshen. Qingyangshengenin B protects against Aβ toxicity, which decreases Aβ deposition by decreasing the expression of Aβ at the mRNA level. Qingyangshengenin B has antiepileptic and anti-aging effects, it can extend lifespan, increase heat stress-resistance, delay body paralysis, and increase the chemotaxis response in C. elegans models of Alzheimer's disease. Otophylloside B can suppress the seizure-like locomotor activity caused by pentylenetetrazole in zebrafish.

Isolongifolene ((-)-Isolongifolene), a tricyclic sesquiterpene isolated from Murraya koenigii, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. It mitigates Rotenone-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis by modulating the PI3K AKT GSK-3β signaling pathways.

Phillyrin (Forsythin) is a novel AMPK activator, has anti-obesity effects in nutritive obesity mice, it can prevent lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells by blocking the expression of SREBP-1c and FAS through LKB1 AMPK activation. Phillyrin(Forsythin) may be a new preventive agent of acute lung injury in the clinical setting, it potentially contributes to the suppression of the activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways, it also has protective effects on H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cells.

Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside) exhibits a protective effect on rat hepatocytes, inhibits COX-2 activity, has antimicrobial properties, and is a promising anti-HIV agent. Additionally, it demonstrates scavenging activity against DPPH radicals and superoxide anions, alleviates osteoarthritis, and increases brain cell membrane fluidity in ischemia-reperfusion rats.

Morroniside would act as a regulator of hepatic inflammatory reactions and lipid metabolism in db db mice. It exhibits protective effects against diabetic renal damage and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, by inhibiting hyperglycemia and oxidative s

1. Cornuside (Comuside) has immunomodulatory activity . 2. Cornuside suppresses expression levels of cytokine-induced proinflammatory and adhesion molecules in the human endothelial cells. 3. Cornuside can treat myocardial I R and protect the liver from CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity, by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory responses. 4. Cornuside has anti-inflammatory activity by downregulations of iNOS and COX-2 due to NF-κB inhibition as well as the negative regulation of ERK1 2, p38, and JNK1 2 phosphorylations in RAW 264.7 cells. 5. Cornuside has protective potential against cerebral ischemic injury, may be due to the suppression of intracellular Ca(2+) elevation and caspase-3 activity, and improvements in mitochondrial energy metabolism and antioxidant properties.

Theaflavin 3,3'-digallate, a major polyphenol found in black tea, is an inducer of oxidative stress which has anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive actions, it reduces tumor angiogenesis by downregulating HIF-1αand VEGF.

CCF642 (AC1LYELL) is a novel PDI-inhibiting compound with antimyeloma activity.