Malpighiales

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) is a natural phorbol ester that acts as an activator of PKC, SphK, and NF-κB, and is commonly used to induce differentiation of THP-1 cells and establish dermatitis models.

Hypericin (Cyclosan) is a natural anthraquinone compound, an extract of Hypericum perforatum, which inhibits PKC, MAO, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, reverse transcriptase, telomerase, and CYP, etc. Hypericin exhibits antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, and antidepressant activities.

Niranthin is a potent anti-leishmanial agent, inhibits the relaxation activity of heterodimeric type IB topoisomerase of L. donovani and acts as a non-competitive inhibitor interacting with both subunits of the enzyme. Niranthin also exhibits anti-hepatitis B virus, antiinflammatory and antiallodynic actions.

1. gamma-Mangostin (Normangostin) as a preventive agent of the metabolic syndrome. 2. Gamma-Mangostin has free radical scavenging activity, and antiproliferative and apoptotic activity in HepG2 cells. 3. Gamma-Mangostin could serve as a micronutrient for colon cancer prevention and is a potential lead compound for the development of anti-colon cancer agents. 4. Gamma-Mangostin may acts as an antihypertensive agent , by causing vasorelaxation which is mediated via the NO-cGMP pathway.

Hyperoside (Hyperin) is a naturally occuring flavonoid compound which shows multiple bioactivities, including myocardial protection, anti-redox, and anti-inflammatory activities.

1. Geraniin has a protective effect against OVX-induced rat osteoporosis. 2. Geraniin has cytotoxic activity towards cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. 3. Geraniin exerts inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation in vitro and suppresses Ti particle

Gardenin A shows neurotrophic effects via activating MAPK/ERK, PKC, and PKA. Gardenin A exhibits antidepressant, anticonvulsant and anxiolytic effects.

T-Cadinol (Cedrelanol) is a sesquiterpene compound isolated from C. sylvestris that exhibits anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity and potential anticancer activity, inhibits trypanosomes and flagellomorphs, induces dendritic cells and drives Th1 polarization in human monocytes.T-Cadinol is a calcium antagonist that relaxes the contraction of 60 mM K+ induced by T-Cadinol in a concentration-dependent manner. 60 mM K+-induced contraction.

Gambogic Acid (Guttic Acid) ( EC50=0.78-1.64 uM) activates caspases. Gambogic Acid competitively suppresses Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1. The IC50s of Gambogic Acid for Bcl-XL, Bcl-2, Bcl-W, Bcl-B, Bfl-1 and Mcl-1 are 1.47, 1.21, 2.02, 0.66, 1.06 and 0.79 uM, respectively.

Gambogenic acid is a natural product,is an effective inhibitor of EZH2,with anticancer activity.

Physostigmine, a parasympathomimetic alkaloid, is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. It extracts from the Calabar bean.

1-Isomangostin has cytotoxic and anticomplementary activities.

alpha-Mangostin (Mangostin) is a natural xanthonoid, a type of organic compound isolated from various parts of the mangosteen tree.

Beta-mangostin (β-Mangostin) is a xanthone compound with antibacterial and antimalarial activities. Beta-mangostin present in Cratoxylum arborescens and exhibits antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with an MIC of 6.25 μg/mL. Beta-mangostin possesses in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, with an IC50 of 3.00 μg/mL. Beta-mangostin has potent anticancer activity against various cancers (such as hepatocellular carcinoma, leukaemic).

Morellic acid has anti-cancer activity, it strongly inhibited the migration of HUVEC at a low concentration of 0.5 μM in HUVEC cell migration assay in vitro. Morellic acid also has antiangiogenic activity.

Lariciresinol is an enterolignan precursor, it possesses fungicidal activities by disrupting the fungal plasma membrane and therapeutic potential as a novel antifungal agent for the treatment of fungal infectious diseases in humans. Dietary lariciresinol

2"-O-Galloylhyperin (FT-0689359) found in Pyrola. It increases ruminal fiber fermentability by formed wall-bound lignin in primary maize cell walls.

Salicylic acid (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid), a natural compound extracted from Willow bark, is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor of activity cyclooxygenase.

Phyllanthin is widely used as hepatoprotective and antigenotoxic and inhibit function of P-gp.

Ingenol-3,4,5,20-diacetonide, a natural product isolated from the sap of the Euphorbia plant, exhibits a wide range of biological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects.

beta-Glucogallin (beta-Glucogallin) is a selective aldose reductase (AKR1B1) inhibitor with antioxidant, anti-glycation, and anti-inflammatory properties. beta-Glucogallin is a naturally occurring compound derived from Emblica officinalis and is used in diabetes research. Vitamin B3-d4

3-Isomangostin is a potent human aldose reductase inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.48 uM; it is also an acetylcholinesterase selective inhibitor. 3-Isomangostin has free radical scavenging activity; it shows antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values in the rang

Kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucuronide (Kaempferol-3-beta-O-glucuronide) exhibits antioxidant activity. Flavonoid glucuronides can be deconjugated by microsomal α²-glucuronidase from various human cells.

Vincetoxicoside B, isolated from Polygonum paleaceum Wall. Vincetoxicoside B , quercetin, kaempferol , and (-)-epicatechin show synergistic antifungal activities with the FICI values <0.5.