Proteasome

MG-132 (Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-al) is a 26S proteasome inhibitor (IC50=100 nM) that is cell-permeable and reversible. MG-132 acts as an autophagy activator and also induces apoptosis.

UK-101 is a potent and selective inhibitor of the immunoproteasome LMP2, inhibiting β1i (LMP2), β1c (LMP2), and β5 (LMP2), with IC50s of 104 nM, 15 μM, and 1 μM, respectively. UK-101 exhibits a 144-fold and 10-fold higher affinity for β1i than for the distribution of β1c and β5 subunits. UK-101 induces apoptosis and can be used to study prostate cancer-related diseases.

Aprotinin (Traskolan) is a broad-spectrum serine protease (BPTI) inhibitor that inhibits the activity of a number of different esterases and proteases. Aprotinin is an antifibrinolytic agent used to minimize hemorrhage during complex surgical procedures.

Bortezomib (LDP 341) is a 20S proteasome inhibitor (Ki=0.6 nM) that is reversible and selective. Bortezomib has antitumor activity and inhibits NF-κB, which can disrupt the cell cycle and induce apoptosis.

Epoxomicin (BU-4061T,Aids010837) is a selective proteasome inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity, inhibits primarily the CH-L activity of the 20S proteasome, while T-L and PGPH catalytic activities are also inhibited at 100- and 1000-fold reduced rate.

Pepstatin (Pepsin Inhibitor S 735A) is an aspartate protease inhibitor that also inhibits HIV protease activity with specific and oral activity. Pepstatin inhibits autophagy.

ONX-0914 (PR-957) is a potent and highly specific immunoproteasome inhibitor with minimal cross-reactivity to the constitutive proteasome.

Puromycin aminonucleoside (NSC-3056) increases podocyte permeability by modulating ZO-1 in an oxidative stress-dependent manner.

Tripterin (Celastrol) is a natural product, a proteasome inhibitor that inhibits the pancreatic rennet-like activity of the 20S proteasome (IC50=2.5 μM). Tripterin has anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious, and immunomodulatory properties.

Saikogenin A is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.

Linagliptin (BI 1356) is a potent, orally bioavailable dihydropurinedione-based inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with hypoglycemic activity.

Carfilzomib (PR-171) is a proteasome inhibitor that irreversibly binds to the chymotrypsin of the 20S proteasome. Carfilzomib has antitumor activity and may be used to treat multiple myeloma.

(R)-MG-132 (Z-Leu-D-leu-leu-al) is the enantiomer of MG-132.

Marizomib is a novel irreversible brain-permeable proteasome inhibitor that inhibits CT-L (β5), CT-T-laspase-like (C-L, β1), and trypsin-like (T-L, β2) 20S proteasomes with IC50s of 3.5, 28, and 430 nM.[3]

Talabostat mesylate (PT100) is an orally active, selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidases IV (DPP4, IC50: 0.18 nM), including tumor-associated fibroblast activation protein. This agent may also stimulate the production of colony stimulating factors, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), resulting in the stimulation of hematopoiesis.

K-7174 dihydrochloride is a proteasome and GATA inhibitor that inhibits neuronal degeneration and induces apoptosis.

Sitagliptin (MK0431), a new oral hypoglycemic (anti-diabetic drug), is a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. This enzyme-inhibiting drug is used either alone or in combination with metformin or thiazolidinedione for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The drug can competitively inhibit a protein enzyme and DPP-4, that leads to an incremental amount of active incretins (GLP-1 and GIP), the diminished amount of release of glucagon and increased release of insulin.

Tomatine (lycopersicin) is an antiproliferatve agent of breast adenocarcinoma cells.

1G244 is an inhibitor of DPP8 9 with antiatherosclerotic and antimyeloma properties. 1G244 had the IC50 values of 14 and 53 nM against DPP8 and DPP9, and The Ki values for 1G244 were 0.9 and 4.2 nM for DPP8 and DPP9

Gly-Pro-pNA hydrochloride (Gly-Pro p-nitroanilide hydrochloride) is a dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor that inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase II, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and dipeptidyl peptidase IX.

Ixazomib (MLN2238) , a second generation, boron-containing peptide proteasome inhibitor (PI), inhibits the chymotrypsin-like proteolytic (β5) site of the 20S proteasome (IC50 Ki: 3.4 0.93 nM, in cell-free assays), also inhibits the caspase-like (β1) and trypsin-like (β2) proteolytic sites (IC50: 31 3500 nM).

3-O-Feruloylquinic acid is a protease inhibitor, it exerts moderate inhibitory effect against AIV (H5N1) in vitro.

Calpeptin is a potent, cell-permeable calpain inhibitor.

Brensocatib (AZD7986) is a Dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DPP1) inhibitor (pIC50s: 6.85, 7.7, 7.6, 7.8, and 7.8 in human, rat, mouse, rabbit, and dog, respectively).