vaccines

SM-102 is the only ionizable amino cationic lipid currently clinically approved for RNA therapeutics and can be used to synthesize lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). It shows potential in the development of LNPs for the delivery of mRNA-based vaccines.

Indoximod (NLG-8189) is a methylated tryptophan with immune checkpoint inhibitory activity. Indoximod inhibits the enzyme indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), which degrades the essential amino acid tryptophan, and may increase or maintain tryptophan levels important to T cell function. Tryptophan depletion is associated with immunosuppression involving T cell arrest and anergy.

SM360320 (CL-087) is an effective and selective agonist of TLR7. SM360320 inhibits HCV replication in hepatocytes via a type I IFN-independent mechanism in addition to its IFN-mediated activity. SM360320 can be used for research on acting as an immunological adjuv

Triton X-100 is a non-denaturing detergent that solubilizes lipid membranes. Triton X-100 is commonly used in laboratories and is applied to vaccines at different stages of the manufacturing process. Triton X-100 is listed as an excipient in certain vaccines including split virus influenza vaccines. Triton X-100 is a nonionic surfactant [1] [2].

INI-4001, a TLR7/8 agonist, exhibits EC50 values of 1.89 μM and 4.86 μM for TLR7 and TLR8, respectively. This compound induces signal transduction and SEAP production through TLR7 and TLR8. Furthermore, INI-4001 stimulates the production of high-affinity, fentanyl-specific antibodies, effectively preventing fentanyl from crossing the human blood-brain barrier. It serves as an effective adjuvant in anti-fentanyl vaccines for individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD).

3D-Monophosphoryl Lipid (14) (3D-Monophosphoryl Lipid (14)) triethylamine is a TLR agonist that serves as an adjuvant in vaccines to enhance their immunogenicity.

3D-Monophosphoryl Lipid (12,16) (triethylamine) serves as a Toll-like Receptor (TLR) agonist and is used as an adjuvant in vaccines to enhance their immunogenicity.

3D-Monophosphoryl Lipid (14) (ammonium) acts as a TLR agonist and serves as an adjuvant for vaccines, enhancing their immunogenicity.

β-S-ARCA (triammonium) is an analog of the mRNA7-methylguanosine (m7G) cap structure, featuring a thio-phosphorylated segment. When bound to mRNA, β-S-ARCA (triammonium) extends the cellular half-life and enhances protein expression. This compound is utilized in research for mRNA-based cancer vaccines.

3D-Monophosphoryl Lipid A-5 (free acid) is a TLR agonist used as an adjuvant in vaccines to enhance their immunogenicity.

3D-Monophosphoryl Lipid A-5 (3D-MPLA-5) triethylamine is a TLR agonist that acts as an adjuvant for vaccines, enhancing their immunogenicity.

N-butyl Lithocholic acid is a derivative of the secondary bile acid lithocholic acid. Lipid nanoparticles containing N-butyl Lithocholic acid and encapsulating mRNA vaccines that express hemagglutinin show reduced cardiotoxicity, splenic, and hepatic toxicity in mice compared to lipid nanoparticles that contain cholesterol.

3D-Monophosphoryl Lipid (12,16) (3D-MPL (12,16)) free acid is a TLR agonist that serves as a vaccine adjuvant to boost the immunogenicity of vaccines.

Dilauroyl-ePC is a cationic lipid utilized for the delivery of RNA and vaccines.

CRX 527 is a TLR4 ligand and serves as an adjuvant for peptide cancer vaccines, enhancing anti-tumor immune responses. CRX 527 also induces hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation, increasing the proportion and number of LSK cells, and promotes their differentiation into macrophages. This activation bolsters immune defense and protects intestinal epithelium from radiation damage.

FP20Rha is a potent TLR4 agonist that enhances the efficacy of vaccines against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

TLR7 agonist18 (Compound 21a) is a selective Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist with an EC50 of 7.8 μM. It demonstrates no cytotoxicity in an HEK293 cell line co-transfected with the hTLR7 gene and can induce the secretion of several cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-12p70, IL-8, and TNF-α. This compound is useful in research related to vaccines, asthma, allergies, and cancer treatment.

GSK1795091 (CRX-601) is a synthetic TLR4 agonist and immunologic stimulator with demonstrated antitumor activity. It serves as a vaccine adjuvant, enhancing both mucosal and systemic immunity to influenza virus vaccines.

Lipid M (pKa: 6.75) is a potential carrier for mRNA vaccines, offering enhanced immune responses and increased tolerability [1].

DOIC (a cationic lipid) is utilized in RNA vaccines [1].

3'Ome-m7GpppAmpG, a trinucleotide cap analogue with a locked nucleic acid (LNA) molecule, demonstrates notable translational efficiency. It serves as a promising tool in molecular biology, applicable in mRNA vaccines and transfection processes, including protein production, gene therapy, and anti-cancer immunization [1].

3'Ome-m7GpppAmpG ammonium, a trinucleotide Cap analogue with a locked nucleic acid (LNA) component, demonstrates substantial translational efficiency. It emerges as a promising tool in molecular biology, applicable in mRNA vaccines and transfection processes including protein production, gene therapy, and anti-cancer immunization [1].

ODN 1826 is a 20-mer DNA strand, a TLR9 agonist and an immunostimulant, with anti-tumor and cardioprotective effects, promoting apoptosis, and stimulating the production of NO and iNOS. ODN 1826 is a CpG DNA mimetic that can be used as an adjuvant for synthetic vaccines.

Heptadecan-9-yl 8-((6-(decyloxy)-6-oxohexyl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)octanoate is employed in lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems for mRNA vaccine delivery [1].