subsp

1. Thermopsine (Thermospine) exhibits antibacterial activity.

Jineol (NSC-694081) is a quinoline alkaloid from Scolopendra subspinipes. Jineol shows cytotoxic activity against the growth of human tumor cell lines in vitro.

2,5-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde (Gentisaldehyde) has antioxidant activity against Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde also inhibits S. aureus strains(MIC50: 500 mg/L).

Fibrostatin C is an inhibitor of prolyl 4-hydroxylase. It is produced by Streptomyces catenulae subsp.

Alahopcin is a new dipeptide antibiotic generated by Streptomyces albulus subsp. ochragerus subsp. nov.

K-13 is used as an ACE inhibitor produced by Micromonospora halophytics subsp. exilisia K-13.

Yl 704 A1 is a primary component of macrolide antibiotic YL-704 from Streptomyces platensis subsp. malvinus.

Darendoside B is a new phenethyl alcohol glycosides, were isolated from the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Scutellaria orientalis subsp.

Milbemycin A3 is a macrocyclic lactone compound produced by fermentation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus, characterized by a spiroketal structure. It enhances the activity of Glutamate-gated chloride channel and GABA-gated chloride channels, thereby disrupting neurotransmission in parasites and exhibiting acaricidal and nematocidal activities.

Saccharocarcin A is an antibiotic originally isolated from [S. aerocolonigenes subsp. antibiotica]. It demonstrates activity against [M. luteus], [S. aureus], [E. coli], [P. aeruginosa], and [C. albicans] in a disc assay and inhibits [C. trachomatis] infection by 88% without inducing cytotoxicity in McCoy cells at a concentration of 0.5 μg/ml.

Epiderstatin is isolated from Streptomyces pulveraceus subsp. epiderstagenes; inhibits mitogenic activity of epidermal growth factor.

Isopimarol acetate, a natural product, is identified in the plant Nepeta tuberosa subsp. reticulata [1].

3'-O-Decarbamoylirumamycin is a 20-membered macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces subflavus subsp. irumaensis. It exhibits inhibitory effects against plant pathogenic fungi, such as Pyricularia oryzae and Sclerotinia.

Nocardicin B was originally isolated from Nocardia uniformis subsp. tsugamanensis [ATCC 21806], showing weak antibacterial activity against Proteus and Corynebacterium species.

Hibarimicin G is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor produced by Microbispora rosea subsp. [Hibaria].

Demethyldaphnoretin-7-O-glucoside is a natural product that is isolated from Daphne oleoides Schreber subsp. kurdica (DOK). In Turkish traditional medicine, the aerial parts of DOK have been used to treat malaria, rheumatism and for wound healing.

Milbemycin A4, a distinguished member of the macrocyclic lactones family featuring a unique spiroketal group, is derived from the fermentation of the soil bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. aureolacrimosus. Milbemycin A4 acts by enhancing the opening of glutamate and GABA-gated chloride channels, rendering it effective as both a nematocide and insecticide.

Vineomycin A1 (OS-4742 A1) is an antibiotic effective against Gram-positive bacteria, identified in *Streptomyces matensis* subsp. vineus. It has also demonstrated antitumor activity in mice and holds potential for research in skin fibrosis.

N-Acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) are a class of autoinducers used by bacteria in quorum sensing, a regulatory system controlling gene expression in response to increased cell density. This regulation leads to diverse phenotypes, such as biofilm formation and production of virulence factors. Coordinated gene expression is achieved through the generation, release, and detection of small diffusible signal molecules called autoinducers. AHLs typically consist of fatty acids linked to homoserine lactone (HSL). Modulating bacterial quorum sensing signal systems to suppress pathogenesis offers a novel antimicrobial approach in studying infectious diseases. AHLs vary in acyl chain length (C4-C18), C3 substitution (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo groups), and the presence or absence of carbon-carbon double bonds, providing signal specificity via LuxR family transcription factors. C9-HSL, characterized by an unusual odd-numbered acyl carbon chain, is produced by the wild-type Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain SCC 3193 grown in nutrient-rich Luria-Bertani broth (LB).