method

Methyl Nonadecanoate (Nonadecanoic Acid methyl ester) is a fatty acid methyl ester

Etoposide (VP-16-213) is a topoisomerase II inhibitor that inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA (IC50=60.3 μM). Etoposide has antitumor activity and induces apoptosis and autophagy.

Chloroquine phosphate (Aralen phosphate) is an aminoquinoline antimalarial and also is widely used as an autophagy inhibitor. Chloroquine also is an inhibitor of toll-like receptors (TLRs).

Homoharringtonine (HHT) is a natural alkaloid that inhibits the translation of proteins and is cytotoxic. Homoharringtonine acts on the ribosomes of tumor cells to inhibit the elongation step of protein translation, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis, and has antitumor activity.

7-Methylguanine is an orally available PARP1 inhibitor (Ki=61 μM) that competes with the substrate NAD+, exhibiting anticancer activity. As a natural nucleic acid metabolite, it may serve as a probe for protein-DNA interactions.

Menisdaurin is a cyanogenic glycoside natural product isolated from the plant species Flueggea virosa, and its purported anti-viral pharmacological activities have been analytically characterized and quantified through an ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (UPLC-PDA) method.

D-Allose (β-D-Allopyranose) is a rare naturally occurring monosaccharide known to exert anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells. The effects of D-Allose on the cellular membranes of hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell line (DU145), hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP), and normal prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) were studied at the molecular level by phospholipid profiling using a shotgun lipidomic method.

1. Hydroxygenkwanin (Luteolin 7-methylether) possesses significant the antioxidative activity . 2. Hydroxygenkwanin has cytotoxicity, may be an effective natural product to treat glioma, and the combination of Apigenin and Hydroxygenkwanin may be a promising method for glioma chemotherapy.

1. Swertianolin (Bellidifolin-8-O-Glucoside), mangiferin, rhodenthoside A-C, isoorientin, isovitexin, and amarogentin would serve as potential chemotaxonomic markers to differentiate Gentianaceae species. 2. Swertianolin and swertiamarin show significant hepatoprotective effect in the liver damage model induced by alpha-naphthylisot hiocyanate. 3. Swertianolin shows anti-acetylcholinesterase activity effects. 4. Swertianolin shows that it can scavenge superoxide and hydroxyl radicals with the studying method of the autoxidation of Pyrogallol and afenton.

Coenzyme Q10 (Standard) is a certified reference standard of Coenzyme Q10 designed for use in quantitative analysis, analytical method validation, quality control procedures, and biochemical experimentation. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), is a naturally derived molecule produced by Fujikura-type fungi that functions as a critical electron carrier within the mitochondrial respiratory chain, thereby playing an essential role in cellular energy metabolism and redox balance in biological systems.

Hydroxygenkwanin (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving Hydroxygenkwanin. 1. Hydroxygenkwanin (Luteolin 7-methylether) possesses significant the antioxidative activity . 2. Hydroxygenkwanin has cytotoxicity, may be an effective natural product to treat glioma, and the combination of Apigenin and Hydroxygenkwanin may be a promising method for glioma chemotherapy.

1,3,5,8-Tetrahydroxyxanthone (Desmethylbellidifolin) is a natural xanthone extracted from Gentianella acuta, exhibiting antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory activities. Dimethylbellidifolin shows mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA98, TA97, and TA2637 by the preincubation method and significantly inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus at a dose of 200 µg/disk.

Citreamicin alpha (LL-E 19085-alpha) is an antibiotic that has been evaluated for its in vitro antibacterial activity against 429 clinical isolates of Gram-positive cocci using the agar dilution method. This study included 313 strains of staphylococci and 116 strains of streptococci. Its in vitro efficacy was compared with ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalothin, erythromycin, and vancomycin. For staphylococci, Citreamicin alpha demonstrated MIC values ranging from 0.12 to 4.0 μg/ml, and for Streptococcus pyogenes, the MIC values ranged from 0.03 to 0.12 μg/ml. Conversely, enterococci presented relative resistance, requiring 2.0 μg/ml to inhibit 64% of 62 tested strains. The antibiotic's in vitro efficacy significantly surpassed that of ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalothin, and erythromycin, while it was comparable to or slightly less effective than vancomycin.

Cyclocurcumin is a minor curcuminoid derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa that differs structurally from curcumin despite sharing the same molecular formula (C21H20O6), Cyclocurcumin features an α,β-unsaturated dihydropyranone moiety that drives trans–cis photoisomerization instead of the diketone/keto–enol tautomerism characteristic of curcumin. Cyclocurcumin demonstrates potent biochemical activities, including selective inhibition of human aromatase (CYP19A1) with an IC50 of 4.43 μM—approximately fivefold stronger than curcumin—making it valuable for studying estrogen-related pathways, and uniquely stimulates melanogenesis and melanin export in both melanocyte and melanoma models, positioning it as a promising research tool for investigating hypopigmentary skin disorders.

Nervogenic acid has antioxidative, pro-coagulant, and antibacterial activities, it exhibits higher activity than that of t-butyl-4- hydroxyanisole (BHA) using the ferric thiocyanate method.

Vitedoin A shows stronger antioxidative activity than alpha-tocopherol using the ferric thiocyanate method, it also shows higher radical-scavenging effect on the stable free radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, than L-cysteine.

Z3-Dodecenyl E2-butenoate, a female sex pheromone of the sweet potato weevil (C. formicarius), is utilized for baiting and trapping male sweet potato weevils. This method aids in managing their populations in agricultural fields while minimizing insecticide use.