method

Methyl Nonadecanoate (Nonadecanoic Acid methyl ester) is a fatty acid methyl ester

Etoposide (VP-16-213) is a topoisomerase II inhibitor that inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA (IC50=60.3 μM). Etoposide has antitumor activity and induces apoptosis and autophagy.

Chloroquine phosphate (Aralen phosphate) is an aminoquinoline antimalarial and also is widely used as an autophagy inhibitor. Chloroquine also is an inhibitor of toll-like receptors (TLRs).

7-Methylguanine, a metabolite of DNA methylation, is generated by methylating agents. It is utilized as a probe for DNA–protein interactions and serves as a crucial component in DNA sequencing methods.

Menisdaurin is a cyanogenic glycoside natural product isolated from the plant species Flueggea virosa, and its purported anti-viral pharmacological activities have been analytically characterized and quantified through an ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (UPLC-PDA) method.

Homoharringtonine (HHT) is a natural alkaloid that inhibits the translation of proteins and is cytotoxic. Homoharringtonine acts on the ribosomes of tumor cells to inhibit the elongation step of protein translation, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis, and has antitumor activity.

D-Allose (β-D-Allopyranose) is a rare naturally occurring monosaccharide known to exert anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells. The effects of D-Allose on the cellular membranes of hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell line (DU145), hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP), and normal prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) were studied at the molecular level by phospholipid profiling using a shotgun lipidomic method.

1. Hydroxygenkwanin (Luteolin 7-methylether) possesses significant the antioxidative activity . 2. Hydroxygenkwanin has cytotoxicity, may be an effective natural product to treat glioma, and the combination of Apigenin and Hydroxygenkwanin may be a promising method for glioma chemotherapy.

1. Swertianolin (Bellidifolin-8-O-Glucoside), mangiferin, rhodenthoside A-C, isoorientin, isovitexin, and amarogentin would serve as potential chemotaxonomic markers to differentiate Gentianaceae species. 2. Swertianolin and swertiamarin show significant hepatoprotective effect in the liver damage model induced by alpha-naphthylisot hiocyanate. 3. Swertianolin shows anti-acetylcholinesterase activity effects. 4. Swertianolin shows that it can scavenge superoxide and hydroxyl radicals with the studying method of the autoxidation of Pyrogallol and afenton.

1,3,5,8-Tetrahydroxyxanthone (Desmethylbellidifolin) is a natural xanthone extracted from Gentianella acuta, exhibiting antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory activities. Dimethylbellidifolin shows mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA98, TA97, and TA2637 by the preincubation method and significantly inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus at a dose of 200 µg/disk.

Citreamicin alpha (LL-E 19085-alpha) is an antibiotic that has been evaluated for its in vitro antibacterial activity against 429 clinical isolates of Gram-positive cocci using the agar dilution method. This study included 313 strains of staphylococci and 116 strains of streptococci. Its in vitro efficacy was compared with ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalothin, erythromycin, and vancomycin. For staphylococci, Citreamicin alpha demonstrated MIC values ranging from 0.12 to 4.0 μg/ml, and for Streptococcus pyogenes, the MIC values ranged from 0.03 to 0.12 μg/ml. Conversely, enterococci presented relative resistance, requiring 2.0 μg/ml to inhibit 64% of 62 tested strains. The antibiotic's in vitro efficacy significantly surpassed that of ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalothin, and erythromycin, while it was comparable to or slightly less effective than vancomycin.

Cyclocurcumin, a curcumin derivative, exhibits anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating abilities and is a potential compound for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis as predicted by the MM-PBSA method. It may have a therapeutic potential as

Nervogenic acid has antioxidative, pro-coagulant, and antibacterial activities, it exhibits higher activity than that of t-butyl-4- hydroxyanisole (BHA) using the ferric thiocyanate method.

Vitedoin A shows stronger antioxidative activity than alpha-tocopherol using the ferric thiocyanate method, it also shows higher radical-scavenging effect on the stable free radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, than L-cysteine.

Z3-Dodecenyl E2-butenoate, a female sex pheromone of the sweet potato weevil (C. formicarius), is utilized for baiting and trapping male sweet potato weevils. This method aids in managing their populations in agricultural fields while minimizing insecticide use.