lipid peroxidation

Lipid peroxidation inhibitor 1 is an inhibitor of lipid peroxidation (IC50: 0.07 μM).

Imidazole ketone erastin (IKE) is an ferroptosis inducer with inhibitory effects on system Xc-cystine glutamate transporter proteins. Imidazole ketone erastin has antitumor activity and induces glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation.

Mopidamol (RA 233) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, a dipyridamole derivative, with anticancer activity that prevents retinal vascular defects in experimental diabetes.

Tirilazad mesylate (U 74006F) is a non-glucocorticoid, lipid peroxidation inhibitor with antiviral and neuroprotective activities. It confines intracellular intramembranous foci, attenuates spinal cord injuries induced by trauma, stroke, and ischemia reperfusion injuries, inhibits toxins in dogs, and is used in the study of neurological disorders.

KKII5 is a potent inhibitor of the lipoxygenase LOX-1 with an IC50 of 19 μM.KKII5 inhibits lipid peroxidation and enhances the ability of the active centers of some compounds to receive electrons.

Cepharanthine (NSC-623442) is a natural alkaloid that inhibits TNF-α-mediated NFκB stimulation, plasma membrane lipid peroxidation, and platelet aggregation, as well as cytokine production. Cepharanthine exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor activities.

Uric acid is an important antioxidant that scavenges oxygen radicals and reactive oxygen species (such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite), inhibits lipid peroxidation, helps maintain stable blood pressure, and is the final product of purine metabolism. It is commonly used to induce hypertension models.

Phloretin (NSC-407292) is a well-known inhibitor of eukaryotic urea transporters, blocks VacA-mediated urea and ion transport. Phloretin is a dihydrochalcone, a type of natural phenols. It can be found in apple tree leaves and the Manchurian apricot. It promotes potent antioxidative activities in peroxynitrite scavenging and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. It has been found to inhibit the growth of several cancer cells and induce apoptosis of B16 melanoma and HL60 human leukemia cells.

Thiamine monochloride (Vitamin B1) is an essential vitamin with erythropoietic, glucose-regulatory, antioxidant, and mood-regulatory properties. It inhibits lead-induced lipid peroxidation, preventing lead poisoning, and plays a crucial role in cellular energy production from ingested food while enhancing normal neuronal activity.

Uric acid sodium is a potent and widely recognized antioxidant with the ability to scavenge oxygen free radicals, helping to maintain blood pressure stability and counteract oxidative stress. It effectively eliminates reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite, and inhibits lipid peroxidation. Additionally, uric acid sodium is closely associated with the pathogenesis of gouty arthritis and the formation of calcium oxalate stones, and it can be used to induce hypertension models.

Citric acid (Citro) is a weak organic tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is a food additive and a natural preservative.

Ethyl cinnamate has antifungal, and vasorelaxant effects. Ethyl cinnamate can lead to the damage of cell membrane system and metabolic disorder through inducing lipid peroxidation via initiating ROS overproduction. Ethyl cinnamate can inhibit the tonic contractions induced by high K+ and phenylephrine (PE) in a concentration-dependent manner, with respective IC50 values of 0.30 mM and 0.38 mM.

Broussochalcone A is a natural antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitor (IC50 = 2.21 μM) that scavenges free radicals, inhibits iron-induced lipid peroxidation, and reduces nitric oxide synthesis in LPS-activated macrophages. Broussochalcone A induces apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells by increasing ROS levels and activating the FOXO3 signaling pathway. Broussochalcone A is also a novel NR4A1 inhibitor that induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells through NR4A1-dependent pathways.

1. Peimisine (Ebeiensine) can affect M-receptor, excit β-receptor, restrain the release of internal calcium, and promote to releaseing nitrogen monoxidum in order to relax tracheal smooth muscle and relieve asthma. 2. Peimisine can attenuate lung tissue injury( ALI), LDH and MDA amount in ALI mice in a dose dependent manner, it also lower the total protein, total white blood cells, lymphocyte and neutrophilic leukocyte in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid( BALF); suggests that peimisine can play a protective role against LPS-induced acute lung injury. 3. Peimisine has the protective effect on the experimental hepatic fibrosis formation, the possible mechanisms are associated with inhibiting fibrogenesis and fibrosis accumulation, and decreasing lipid peroxidation. 4. Peimisine can inhibit angiotensin I converting enzyme activity in a dose-dependent manner, displaying 5 % inhibitory concentration values of 526.5 microM, thus, it may have antihypertensive action.

FINO2 is a potent ferroptosis-inducing compound that inhibits GPX4 activity. It functions as a stable oxidant, effectively oxidizing ferrous iron and demonstrating stability across varying pH levels. Furthermore, FINO2 induces widespread lipid peroxidation.

Carvedilol phosphate hemihydrate (BM 14190 phosphate hemihydrate) is the phosphate salt form of carvedilol, a racemic mixture and adrenergic blocking agent with antihypertensive activity and no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity.

Carvedilol (SKF 105517) Phosphate is the phosphate salt form of carvedilol, a racemic mixture and adrenergic blocking agent with antihypertensive activity and devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. The S enantiomer of carvedilol nonselectively binds to and blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, thereby exerting negative inotropic and chronotropic effects, and leading to a reduction in cardiac output. In addition, both enantiomers of carvedilol bind to and block alpha 1-adrenergic receptors, thereby causing vasodilation and reducing peripheral vascular resistance.

T-2 Toxin (T-2 Mycotoxin) is a fungal secondary metabolite produced by various Fusarium species in feed and grains, which is highly toxic to reproduction and induces a variety of cardiovascular toxicities.T-2 Toxin is an inhibitor of peptidyl transferase (60s ribosomal subunit) binding and protein synthesis. T-2 Toxin is an inhibitor of peptidyl transferase (60s ribosomal subunit) binding and protein synthesis, induces TM4 cell dysfunction via ROS-induced apoptosis, inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis, and increases hepatic lipid peroxidation levels.

6-Hydroxymelatonin is the main active metabolite and endogenous metabolite of Melatonin via CYP1A2, an agonist of MT2 receptor with antioxidant and neuroprotective effects, and effectively reduces KCN-induced lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion production.

6-O-Acetyldaidzin is an isoflavone glycoside isolated from soybeans. It significantly inhibits lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsome (IC50: 8.2 μM).

6-O-Acetylgenistin is an isoflavone glycoside isolated from soybeans. 6-O-Acetylgenistin significantly inhibits lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsome with an IC50 of 10.6 μM[1][2].

7α-Hydroxycholesterol, a cholesterol oxide formed through both enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation, can serve as a biomarker for lipid peroxidation.

N6-Etheno 2'-deoxyadenosine is used as a biomarker to evaluate chronic inflammation and lipid peroxidation in animal or human tissues.

1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid, a purine alkaloid, occurs as a minor metabolite of caffeine in humans. It functions as an antioxidant with the ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and offers protective benefits against lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte membranes.