chaperone

Tamoxifen is an orally active selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that acts as an estrogen antagonist in breast cells and an agonist in bone, liver, and uterine cells. It can be used to induce gene knockout and liver injury models in mice, and also exhibits multiple biological activities, including activation of Hsp90, induction of autophagy and apoptosis, and inhibition of EBOV and MARV viral infections.

Tamoxifen Citrate is an orally active selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that blocks estrogen activity in breast cells while activating estrogen signaling in cells such as those of the bone, liver, and uterus. As an Hsp90 activator, it enhances the ATPase activity of the Hsp90 chaperone complex, induces autophagy and apoptosis, and can be used to generate gene knockout models in CreER(T2) transgenic mice as well as liver injury models.

Ambroxol (NA-872) is a secretolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory diseases associated with viscid or excessive mucus. It is the active ingredient of Mucosolvan, Lasolvan or Mucoangin. The substance is a mucoactive drug with several properties including secretolytic and secretomotoric actions that restore the physiological clearance mechanisms of the respiratory tract which play an important role in the body's natural defense mechanisms. It stimulates synthesis and release of surfactant by type II pneumocytes. Surfactants act as an anti-glue factor by reducing the adhesion of mucus to the bronchial wall, in improving its transport and in providing protection against infection and irritating agents.

Ambroxol hydrochloride (Mucosolvan) is a metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.

Lycorine (Narcissine) inhibits protein synthesis and may inhibit ascorbic acid biosynthesis, although studies on the latter are controversial and inconclusive.

Azoramide, a small-molecule modulator, has the antidiabetic activity of unfolded protein response.

PU-H54 is a purine-based inhibitor of Grp94. It is a Grp94-selective resorcinol-based inhibitor isolated through probing of the exclusive binding region of S2 subpocket in Grp94.

ML198 is a novel activator and non-inhibitory chaperone of glucocerebrosidase. ML198 serves as a starting point to develop a novel approach towards small molecule treatment for patients suffering from Gaucher disease.

ML346 is a novel activator of Hsp70.

DC_AC50 is a dual inhibitor of Atox1 and CCS (copper chaperones), aimed at reducing or preventing acquired chemotherapy resistance by inhibiting intracellular copper chaperones. It binds to Atox1 and CCS, thereby reducing cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth.

TRC051384 is a heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) inducer that reduces stroke-associated neuronal damage and increases survival in a rat model of transient ischemic stroke, activates heat shock factor-1 and leads to elevated molecular chaperone and anti-inflammatory activity, and enhances Hsp72 expression in neurons and glial cells.

CBL0137 hydrochloride (Curaxin-137 hydrochloride) is an inhibitor of the histone chaperone FACT, which also activates p53 and inhibits NF-κB with EC50 values ​​of 0.37 and 0.47 μM, respectively. CBL0137 hydrochloride functionally inactivates the complex that promotes chromatin transcription (FACT), thereby driving effects on p53 and NF-κB and promoting cancer cell death, and when used in combination with cisplatin, CBL0137 hydrochloride has potent anticancer activity against SCLC.

MAC13243 HCl, an inhibitor of LolA, a periplasmic chaperone that transports lipoproteins from the inner membrane to the outer membrane, is an antimicrobial agent with specificity and significant inhibitory effects on Gram-negative bacteria.

JI051 is an antitumor agent that interacts with the cancer-associated protein chaperone prohibitin 2 (PHB2) to induce cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the transcription of the Notch downstream effector gene, Hes1, and inhibits the proliferation of HEK293 cells and pancreatic cancer cells.

Tamoxifen-d5 is a deuterium labeled Tamoxifen. Tamoxifen is a selective modulator of estrogen receptor (SERM). Tamoxifen is a potent activator of Hsp90 and enhances the Hsp90 molecular chaperone ATPase activity.

KBU2046 is an orally administered compound that inhibits cell motility and invasion, effectively suppressing cancer metastasis and extending lifespan. This compound uniquely targets and binds to chaperone heterocomplexes, selectively modifying the interaction of client proteins involved in motility regulation, while avoiding the characteristics typical of classical HSP90 inhibitors.

Afegostat is a pharmacological chaperone that specifically and reversibly binds acid-β-glucosidase (GCase) in the endoplasmic reticulum with high affinity.

Afegostat D-Tartrate is a pharmacological chaperone that binds specifically and reversibly with high affinity to acid-β-glucosidase (GCase) in the endoplasmic reticulum.

LG100268 is a potent, selective, and orally active retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist that agonizes RXR-α, RXR-β, and RXR-γ at the nanomolar level, selectively exceeding the RAR by three orders of magnitude.LG100268 is capable of inducing transcriptional activation in adipocytes; affecting the RXRs and their chaperone receptor, Foxl2/Dmrt1, to induce flounder masculinization in juvenile flounder; inhibits keratin 17 expression in nigrostriatal epithelial cells; and increases PD-L1 expression in HER2 or triple-negative breast cancer.

SST0116CL1 is an HSP90 inhibitor (IC50: 0.21 μM) that targets the ATP-binding pocket of Hsp90, disrupting its chaperone function and leading to the degradation of client proteins (EGFR, CDK4, and AKT). It induces the degradation of Her2 in BT-474 cells (IC50: 0.2 μM) and exhibits antiproliferative activity, inhibiting tumor growth.

GDCNF-11, an HSP90-based HIM-PROTACGPX4 degrader, facilitates the ubiquitination and degradation of GPX4 through the HSP90 chaperone complex. This reduction in endogenous GPX4 induces ferroptosis in HT-1080 cells, with a DC50 value of 0.08 μM.

Hsp90-IN-34 (compound HAM-1) is a chemical inhibitor that targets the Aha1-Hsp90 chaperone complex with high affinity (KDapp=23.5 µM). It modulates the ATPase activity of Hsp90 by affecting the interaction between Hsp90 and Aha1.

KM04794 is a small molecule compound with chaperone-like functions that alleviates ER stress. This compound effectively prevents protein aggregation and cell death caused by ER stressors and mutant insulin proteins.

DDO-6079 is an efficient CDC37 inhibitor. It suppresses the HSP90-CDC37 and CDC37-CDK4/6 chaperone complexes by binding to an allosteric site on CDC37. Additionally, DDO-6079 reduces the thermal stability of CDK6.