allergic reactions

Clemastine fumarate (Meclastine (fumarate)) is a synthetic ethanolamine with anticholinergic, sedative, and histamine H1 antagonistic properties.

Atinvicitinib, a selective Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, demonstrates high specificity for Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), consequently inhibiting downstream cytokine signaling pathways that rely on JAK1 enzymatic activity. Atinvicitinib modulates a wide range of cytokines that are implicated in itch responses, allergic reactions, and inflammatory conditions, making it a significant research tool for studying cytokine-mediated immune processes as well as therapeutic modulation of allergic and inflammatory diseases.

AZD8329 is a selective and potent 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitor that inhibits 11β-HSD2, 17β-HSD1, 17β-HSD3, and can be used for the study of allergic reactions in humans.

lodoxamide ethyl is a new orally active anti-allergic compound for the prevention of antigen-induced bronchoconstriction and blockage of skin allergic reactions.

Mizolastine (SL 850324) (IC50= 47 nM) is a histamine H1-receptor antagonist.It is used in the treatment of allergic reactions such as hay fever (seasonal allergic rhinitis), hives.

Chlorpheniramine maleate (NCI-C55265) is a histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.

Levobupivacaine is an amino-amide local anaesthetic drug belonging to the family of n-alkylsubstituted pipecoloxylidide. It is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine. Levobupivacaine hydrochloride is commonly marketed by AstraZeneca under the trade name Chirocaine. Compared to bupivacaine, levobupivacaine is associated with less vasodilation and has a longer duration of action. It is approximately 13 per cent less potent (by molarity) than racemic bupivacaine.Levobupivacaine is indicated for local anaesthesia including infiltration, nerve block, ophthalmic, epidural and intrathecal anaesthesia in adults; and infiltration analgesia in children. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are rare when it is administered correctly. Most ADRs relate to administration technique (resulting in systemic exposure) or pharmacological effects of anesthesia, however allergic reactions can rarely occur.

Cetirizine is a second-generation selective H1-histamine receptor antagonist with antiallergic effects that inhibits eosinophil chemotaxis during allergic reactions. Cetirizine has minimal central nervous system depressant effects.

Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate sodium, as a glucocorticoid, is an orally active steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (SAID) with both anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. It inhibits the biological activities of IL-6 and IL-3, with IC50 values of 6.7 μM and 21.4 μM, respectively. Hydrocortisone sodium succinate is also used in research related to ulcerative colitis (UC) and recurrent aphthous ulcers.

Medrysone (6α-Methyl-11β-hydroxyprogesterone) is a topical, synthetic glucocorticoid with metabolic, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. Medrysone exerts its effect by interacting with specific intracellular glucocorticoid receptors and subsequently binds to DNA to modify gene expression. This results in an induction of the synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory proteins while inhibiting the synthesis of certain inflammatory mediators. Consequently, an overall reduction in chronic inflammation and autoimmune reactions is accomplished.

Glycolic acid oxidase inhibitor 1 (compound 2 in table 1) is an inhibitor of glycolate oxidase, which reduces the risk of kidney stone formation. It also inhibits the contraction of guinea pig ileum induced by slow reactive substances (SRS-A) caused by allergic reactions, and has therapeutic potential for the treatment of allergic diseases such as asthma.

Metrizoic acid is an ionic contrast medium with high osmolality and carries a risk of inducing allergic reactions.

ISOCROMIL, a chromone compound, exhibits anti-allergic properties. It plays a significant role as a mediator release inhibitor in the treatment of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions and is also important as an anti-asthmatic agent.

Z-3578 is a small molecule antagonist targeting the MrgX2 (Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2) with notable anti-pseudoallergic properties, exhibiting a KD value of 729 nM. It effectively inhibits mast cell degranulation induced by substance P (SP) and C48/80, with IC50 values of 4.90 µM and 6.18 µM, respectively, suppresses the release of β-hexosaminidase, and significantly reduces the release of histamine and TNF-α, as well as intracellular calcium flux. Additionally, in a mouse pseudoallergy model, Z-3578 significantly alleviates foot swelling, dye leakage, and reduces serum histamine levels, indicating a strong in vivo anti-allergic effect. Z-3578 presents as a promising lead compound in the field of anti-allergic treatments, particularly for pseudoallergic reactions.

BER-5 is a potent MrgX2 antagonist, demonstrating broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against various MrgX2 agonists. It can inhibit Substance P(SP)-induced degranulation in LAD2 cells and alleviate SP-induced allergic reactions in mice. BER-5 is useful for researching mechanisms related to allergic reactions.

MrgprX2-IN-1 (Compound 2-10) is a selective antagonist of the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2). It functions by inhibiting mast cell degranulation and the release of inflammatory mediators mediated by MRGPRX2, thereby blocking non-IgE-dependent immune responses. MrgprX2-IN-1 holds potential for research into pseudo-allergic reactions, chronic pruritus, and inflammatory diseases.

MrgprX2-IN-2 (Compound example 12) is a selective antagonist of the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2). It works by inhibiting MRGPRX2-mediated mast cell degranulation and the release of inflammatory mediators, thus blocking non-IgE-dependent immune responses. MrgprX2-IN-2 shows potential for research in the areas of pseudo-allergic reactions, chronic pruritus, and inflammatory diseases.

(trans)-STAT6 modulator-5 (Compound 95) is a modulator of the STAT6 protein, inhibiting the STAT6 signaling pathway. This compound holds potential for the research of inflammatory diseases and allergic reactions.

AA 344 is an orally active antiallergic agent that inhibits the release of histamine mediated by IgE, IgGa, Concanavalin A, and dextran. It demonstrates inhibitory effects on homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and passive systemic anaphylaxis in guinea pigs. AA 344 selectively suppresses type I allergic reactions.

XAT-13 is an orally active antiallergic agent that binds to the active pocket of MRGPRX2, inhibiting calcium influx (Calcium influx) and β-hexosaminidase release induced by C48/80. It is applicable for research in pseudo-allergic reactions.

Mizolastine dihydrochloride is a histamine H1-receptor antagonist (IC50: 47 nM). It also used in the treatment of hay fever, hives, and other allergic reactions.

EP6 is an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), which is a crucial enzyme of the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade and catalyzes the formation of bioactive leukotrienes (LTs) which are involved in inflammatory diseases and allergic reactions.

1. Dehydrocorydaline(DHC) not only inhibits antibody-mediated allergic reactions but also influences cell-mediated allergic reactions, and the inhibitory effect of Corydalis Tuber on allergic reactions may be partially attributed to DHC. 2. Dehydrocorydal

Tripelennamine, an ethylenediamine derivative, acts as a potent histamine H1-receptor antagonist, effectively reducing the organism's allergic response to histamine. It is utilized in researching conditions such as rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and allergic and anaphylactic reactions [1] [2] [3].