HFD

Lycorine (Narcissine) inhibits protein synthesis and may inhibit ascorbic acid biosynthesis, although studies on the latter are controversial and inconclusive.

Mahanimbine is found in the roots, leaves and stems of Murraya koenigii and is an orally active alkaloid extracted from Murraya koenigii. Bifidobacterium bifidum leaves on histopathological changes in pancreatic beta cells of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Ficusin has antioxidant, antilipidemic and antidiabetic effects, it can lower the levels of fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, body weight gain in HFD-STZ induced diabetic rats, and can significantly enhance the PPARγ expression and improve the transl

Serpentine is an alkaloid found in the roots of Rosa Centifolia that acts as an insulin sensitizer to assist insulin in lowering blood glucose.Serpentine activates the phosphorylation of AMPK, which stimulates glucose uptake by C2C12 cells.Serpentine increases the expression of GSK-3β mRNA in muscle tissues, which enhances glucose uptake.Serpentine also increases glucose production and hepatic gluconeogenesis.Serpentine has a significant effect on glucagon secretion and hepatic gluconeogenesis. Serpentine significantly increased glucagon secretion and hepatic gluconeogenesis. In high-fat diet streptozotocin (HFD STZ)-induced diabetic mice, Serpentine significantly prolonged insulin hypoglycemia, significantly decreased exogenous insulin use, and inhibited endogenous insulin secretion.

Asperlin is an orally active marine-derived antibiotic with antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherosclerotic properties. It can induce apoptosis and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage-related G2 M phase arrest, as well as ATM phosphorylation. Additionally, Asperlin effectively prevents HFD-induced obesity in vivo and modulates gut microbiota.