protein folding

Lumacaftor (VRT 826809) is a CFTR modulator that corrects the folding and trafficking of CFTR protein. It enhances F508del-CFTR protein maturation in FRT cells (EC50: 100 nM).

Onalespib (AT13387) is a synthetic, orally bioavailable, small-molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with potential antineoplastic activity. Onalespib selectively binds to Hsp90, thereby inhibiting its chaperone function and promoting the degradation of oncogenic signaling proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival. Hsp90, a chaperone protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cells, regulates the folding, stability and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins.

SM875 is a degrader specifically targeting the cellular prion protein (PrP) with an IC50 of 7.87 μM. By binding to the folding intermediates of PrP, SM875 facilitates their degradation via the autophagy-lysosome pathway. It acts exclusively on nascent, immature PrP molecules and does not affect mature PrP synthesized beforehand. SM875 has the potential to inhibit prion replication, making it a promising compound for research in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly prion diseases.

(±)-trans-1,2-Bis(2-mercaptoacetamido)cyclohexane (BMC) is a cyclohexane with two mercaptoacetamido groups. It is used, both in vitro and in vivo, to promote the correct folding of proteins that require disulfide bonds for functionality. For in vitro applications, BMC may be used to facilitate protein refolding of solubilized proteins from inclusion bodies. Reducing agents, like dithiothreitol, may interfere with refolding. BMC may also be added to the growth medium of cells, including yeast cells, to enhance the folding of proteins with disulfide bonds in vivo.

(R)-Posenacaftor ((R)-PTI-801) sodium, the R enantiomer of Posenacaftor, is a cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein modulator. It corrects the folding and trafficking of the CFTR protein, and is utilized in the research of cystic fibrosis (CF)[1].

Posenacaftor (PTI-801) sodium, a cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) modulator, corrects CFTR protein folding and trafficking. It is utilized in researching cystic fibrosis (CF)[1].

TLQP-21 TFA, a VGF-derived peptide with endocrine and extraendocrine properties, acts as a potent G-protein-coupled receptor complement-3a receptor1 (C3aR1) agonist (EC50: mouse TLQP-21=10.3 μM; human TLQP-21=68.8 μM), activating C3aR1 to increase intracellular Ca2+ levels, and is used in research on nociception regulation and other relevant physiological functions[1][2].

6-Amino-8-trifluoromethylphenanthridine (6A-8tFP) is an antiprion agent and a derivative of 6-aminophenanthridine. It inhibits the protein folding activity of the ribosome (PFAR) at a concentration of 150 μM and directly competes with protein substrates for the ribosomal active site.

6-Aminophenanthridine is an antiprion agent. It inhibits prion formation in yeast- and mammalian-based screening assays when used alone and, to a greater extent, when used in combination with the α2-adrenergic receptor agonist guanabenz . 6-Aminophenanthridine (300 μM) inhibits protein folding activity of the ribosome (PFAR) by directly competing with protein substrates for the active site and decreases the yield of refolded protein without affecting the refolding rate. It prevents progressive wing position defects in a Drosophila model of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) when larvae are raised on medium containing doses ranging from 300 to 400 μM and in adults following dietary administration of 1-3 mM doses. 6-Aminophenanthridine also reduces muscle degeneration and decreases the number of nuclear inclusions in thoracic muscle in a Drosophila model of OPMD.

(4-Chloro-thiazol-2-yl)acetic acid has been used in a variety of scientific research applications, including protein folding, enzyme inhibition and signal transduction.

α-Glucosidase-IN-11 is a highly permeable competitive inhibitor of α-glucosidase (IC50: 0.56 μM) that binds to the Trp residue in α-glucosidase, affecting protein folding and regulating blood glucose levels. [Topoisomerase II]

Posenacaftor (PTI-801) is a cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulatory protein (CFTR) regulator that corrects the folding and transport of CFTR proteins, facilitating research on cystic fibrosis (CF).

Fmoc-Dha-OH (2-({[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}amino)prop-2-enoic acid) is a biologically active compound that is an important component of peptide and protein synthesis. It is commonly used in the synthesis of peptide-based drugs, as well as in the study of protein-protein interactions, protein folding and protein engineering.

Tau Protein Aggregation-IN-1 (Compound 0c) serves as an inhibitor of Tau protein aggregation, applicable in research related to protein folding disorders including Alzheimer's disease, dementia, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and prion-based spongiform encephalopathies [1].

Pochonin D is an inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. It disrupts Hsp90, affecting the stability, folding, and assembly of viral proteins, thereby diminishing viral replication. Additionally, Pochonin D reduces the infiltration of inflammatory cells and decreases the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β, alleviating inflammatory responses. This compound shows potential for research in human rhinovirus (HRV) infections and cancer.

Luciferase is a flavin-dependent monooxygenase found in bioluminescent bacteria. Luciferase is an invaluable tool for identifying and characterizing functional variants, allowing investigations of gene expression, intracellular signaling, transcription factors, receptor activity, and protein folding.

NDSB 256-4T is a non-detergent sulfobetaine compound. It inhibits protein aggregation and aids in protein folding by interacting with early folding intermediates.

Enrofloxacin/OVA is an antigen-adjuvant conjugate of Enrofloxacin with ovalbumin (OVA). Conjugating an antigen with a protein adjuvant enhances the production of antigen-specific antibodies in vaccine models. The conjugate does not affect protein folding or alter major epitopes, while enhancing cross-presentation and the generation of antigen-specific T cells.

4-Hydroxynonenal/BSA is an antigen-adjuvant conjugate composed of 4-Hydroxynonenal and bovine serum albumin (BSA). This conjugation enhances the production of antigen-specific antibodies in vaccine models by coupling the antigen with a protein adjuvant. The conjugate maintains proper protein folding and does not disrupt major epitopes, while also improving cross-presentation and the generation of antigen-specific T cells.

T4-BSA is an antigen-adjuvant conjugate that combines with bovine serum albumin (BSA). This conjugation enhances the production of antigen-specific antibodies in vaccine models by linking the antigen with a protein adjuvant. The conjugate maintains protein folding and does not disrupt primary epitopes, while also promoting cross-presentation and the generation of antigen-specific T cells.

Ethambutol-KLH is an antigen-adjuvant conjugate consisting of Ethambutol linked with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). By conjugating the antigen with a protein adjuvant, it strengthens the production of antigen-specific antibodies in vaccine models. The conjugate does not affect protein folding or disrupt primary epitopes and enhances cross-presentation and the generation of antigen-specific T cells.

2,4-D/BSA is an antigen-adjuvant conjugate formed by linking 2,4-D with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Conjugating the antigen with a protein adjuvant enhances the production of antigen-specific antibodies in vaccine models. This conjugate does not alter protein folding or disrupt primary epitopes, and it promotes cross-presentation and the generation of antigen-specific T cells.

Gibberellins/BSA is an antigen-adjuvant conjugate formed by the linkage of Gibberellins with bovine serum albumin (BSA). This conjugation enhances the production of antigen-specific antibodies in vaccine models by coupling the antigen with a protein adjuvant. The conjugate does not alter protein folding or disrupt major epitopes, while also promoting cross-presentation and the generation of antigen-specific T cells.

Rifampin/BSA is an antigen-adjuvant conjugate composed of Rifampin and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Conjugation of the antigen with a protein adjuvant can enhance the production of antigen-specific antibodies in vaccine models. The conjugate does not alter protein folding or disrupt major epitopes while enhancing cross-presentation and the generation of antigen-specific T cells.