pigment

C.I. Pigment Red 60 is a bright, scarlet, semi-transparent red pigment.

C.I. Pigment Yellow 74 is a bioactive chemical.

Juglone (Regianin) is a natural naphthoquinone found in the black walnut (J. nigra) and other plants in the Juglandaceae family. Juglone also irreversibly inhibits peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases of the parvulin family, including human Pin1, yeast Ess1/Ptf1, and E. coli parvulin (Ki = 55.9 nM). Juglone also blocks transcription by RNA polymerases I, II, and III (IC50s = 2-7 μM) and attenuates kidney fibrosis in rats treated with unilateral ureteral obstruction, both through Pin1-independent mechanisms.

WS3, a β cell proliferation inducer, regulates Erb3 binding protein-1 (EBP1) and the IκB kinase pathway.

Roseoflavin, a chemical analog of FMN and riboflavin that has antimicrobial activity, can directly bind to FMN riboswitch aptamers and downregulate the expression of an FMN riboswitch-lacZ reporter gene in B. subtilis.

3-hydroxymorindone is a natural product from Morinda citrifolia. 3-hydroxymorindone is a pigment.

Bilirubin (Principal bile pigment) is a type of bile pigment, which is a metabolite of hemoglobin in the blood. Bilirubin has antimutagenic and antioxidant effects. Bilirubin is an important basis for clinical determination of jaundice, and is also an important indicator of liver function.

C.I. Food Blue 1-aluminum lake is a type of colorant.

Benzidine orange (Standard) is the standard substance of Benzidine orange, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Benzidine orange (DCC-1802) shows mutagenic and carcinogenic activity.

Spheroidenone is an organic carbon source that can be isolated from the metabolic products of aerobic anoxygenic cells of marine dinoflagellates.

Prussian Blue Soluble serves as an excellent adsorbent and is employed as an antidote for poisoning by cesium or thallium ions. Additionally, it exhibits anticancer and antibacterial properties. Prussian Blue Soluble is also used as a contrast agent in photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Acetylalkannin (Alkannin acetate), an isohexenylnaphthazarin pigment extracted from Arnebia euchroma, exhibits antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties.

Pentoxifylline (PTX) modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production. Pentoxifylline is a methylxanthine derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It also inhibits platelet aggregation and improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility.

Mequinol (Leucobasal) is a synthetic derivate of hydroquinone and depigmenting agent. Although the exact mechanism of the depigmenting effects of mequinol remains unclear, it may exert its effect by oxidation of tyrosinase to cytotoxic products in melanocytes.

Monobenzone (Benoquin) is a Depigmenting Agent. The mechanism of action of monobenzone is as a Melanin Synthesis Inhibitor. The physiologic effect of monobenzone is by means of Depigmenting Activity.

It is an isomer of cresotinic acid (2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzoic acid) and oxymethylbenzoic acid (2-methoxybenzoic acid). Derivatives of mandelic acid are formed as a result of metabolism of adrenaline and noradrenaline by monoamine oxidase and catechol-o-methyl transferase. It is also present in certain skin care products, is an intermediate molecule in the production of other biochemicals, may be used as an analytical reagent and is a precursor in the manufacture of dyes. Mandelic acid (acidomandelico) is found to be associated with phenylketonuria, which is an inborn error of metabolism.

Nonapeptide-1 (Melanostatine™ 5) can inhibit the synthesis of melanin, which makes it of interest for treating certain skin conditions.

Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E (A2E) is a fluorescent chromophore isolated from lipofuscin in retinal pigment epithelium, a lipophilic cation and weak photosensitizer with cytotoxicity. A2E promotes apoptosis under blue light exposure and induces autophagy under photoactivation, damaging membrane integrity in a concentration-dependent manner.

Soraprazan (BYK61359) is a selective potassium channel inhibitor that inhibits gastric acid secretion and ameliorates age-related eye disease by removing lipofuscin from retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.

C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) is a water-soluble protein pigment that is also used as a nutrient supplement for human beings.

Lycopene (ψ,ψ-Carotene) is a linear, unsaturated hydrocarbon carotenoid, the major red pigment in fruits such as tomatoes, pink grapefruit, apricots, red oranges, watermelon, rosehips, and guava. As a class, carotenoids are pigment compounds found in photosynthetic organisms (plants, algae, and some types of fungus), and are chemically characterized by a large polyene chain containing 35-40 carbon atoms; some carotenoid polyene chains are terminated by two 6-carbon rings. In animals, carotenoids such as lycopene may possess antioxidant properties which may retard aging and many degenerative diseases. As an essential nutrient, lycopene is required in the animal diet.

5-Bromouridine is a uracil derivative with a broad spectrum of antitumor activity that induces apoptosis in cancer cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis.5-Bromouridine is also used as a marker for DNA and RNA, where the molecule is labeled with a radioisotope or pigment after being introduced into a DNA or RNA strand.

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is an enzyme inhibitor.4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (4-HPPA) is a keto acid that is involved in the tyrosine catabolism pathway. It is a product of the enzyme (R)-4-hydroxyphenyllactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.222) and is formed during tyrosine metabolism. The conversion from tyrosine to 4-HPPA is catalyzed by tyrosine aminotransferase. Additionally, 4-HPPA can be converted to homogentisic acid which is one of the precursors to ochronotic pigment. The enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase (HPD) catalyzes the reaction that converts 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid to homogentisic acid. A deficiency in the catalytic activity of HPD is known to lead to tyrosinemia type III, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by elevated levels of blood tyrosine and massive excretion of tyrosine derivatives into urine. It has been shown that hawkinsinuria, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the excretion of 'hawkinsin,' may also be a result of HPD deficiency . Moreover, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is also found to be associated in phenylketonuria, which is also an inborn error of metabolism. There are two isomers of HPPA, specifically 4HPPA and 3HPPA, of which 4HPPA is the most common.

Crocin is a water-soluble carotenoid pigment of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Crocin has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, anti-asthma, anti-cancer, and hypolipidemic effects.