neurotransmitter dopamine

Oxidopamine hydrobromide (6-OHDA hydrobromide) is a widely used neurotoxin and an antagonist of the neurotransmitter dopamine. It selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons, promotes COX-2 activation, induces PGE2 synthesis, and stimulates the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. It is commonly used to establish animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Octopamine hydrochloride ((±)-p-Octopamine hydrochlorid) is a biogenic monoamine structurally associated with noradrenaline. It can serve as a neurohormone, a neurotransmitter, and a neuromodulator in invertebrates.

L-DOPA (Levodopa) is an orally active metabolic precursor of the neurotransmitter dopamine. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and be converted into dopamine in the brain. L-DOPA exhibits anti-hyperalgesic effects and holds potential in Parkinson’s disease research, and it can also be used to induce Parkinson’s disease models.

Dopamine hydrochloride (ASL279) is a natural catecholamine neurotransmitter that mainly acts on dopamine receptors (D1-5 receptors) (EC50=2.7 nM). Dopamine hydrochloride induces VEGFR2 endocytosis through D2 dopamine receptor and has pro-angiogenic activity.

Flibanserin (Girosa) is a serotonergic antidepressant used to treat hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Flibanserin has been associated with a low rate of minor serum aminotransferase elevations during treatment but has not been linked to instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.

NSC 191412 interacts with a variety of enzymes and receptors, including acetylcholinesterase and receptors for the neurotransmitter dopamine, and is an agonist or activator of these enzymes and receptors.

2-(4-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-PHENYL)-ETHYLAMINE is a monoamine neurotransmitter. It has been studied for its potential to modulate the activity of various neurotransmitters, including serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Its potential as a 5-HT2A receptor agonist has also been studied.

1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisochinoline (3,4-Dihydro-1-phenylisoquinoline) is a structural analog of the neurotransmitter dopamine that interacts with dopamine receptors in the central nervous system. It has been studied as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's chorea.

Oxidopamine hydrochloride (6-Hydroxydopamine hydrochloride) is a widely used neurotoxin and an antagonist of the neurotransmitter dopamine. It selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons, promotes COX-2 activation, induces PGE2 synthesis, and stimulates the secretion of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. It is commonly used to establish animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Pergolide is a long-acting and orally active dopamine receptor D1/D2 agonist and ergoline derivative, used in the study of Parkinson's disease, hyperprolactinemia, and prolactinomas.

Sapropterin is a naturally occurring essential cofactor of the three aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes, used in the degradation of amino acid phenylalanine and in the biosynthesis of dopamine, epinephrine, melatonin, norepinephrine, neurotransmitter

SRA880 is a non-peptide somatostatin sst(1) receptor antagonist which displays a significantly lower affinity for the other human recombinant somatostatin receptors ( pK(d)= 6.0) or a wide range of neurotransmitter receptors, except for the human dopamine

L-Glutamic acid (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving L-Glutamic acid. L-Glutamic acid (Glutaminol) acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter, an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors, and facilitates dopamine release from nerve terminals.

Levodopa sodium (L-DOPA) is the metabolic precursor of the neurotransmitter dopamine. It is orally active, capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, and is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons in the brain where it is converted into dopamine. It exhibits anti-hyperalgesic effects and is commonly used to induce animal models of Parkinson's disease.

Potent and selective inhibitor of the glial glycine transporter GlyT1b (IC50 = 6.9 nM). Displays negligible activity at GlyT-2, adrenoreceptors, dopamine, 5HT receptors and noradrenaline, dopamine, 5HT and GABA transporters (pIC50 in vivo. Chue et al (2013) Glycine reuptake inhibition as a new therapeutic approach in schizophrenia: focus on the glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1). Curr.Pharm.Des. 19 1311 PMID:23194655 |Brown et al (2001) Discovery and SAR of org 24598-a selective glycine uptake inhibitor. Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett. 11 2007 PMID:11454468 |Williams et al (2003) Development of a scintillation proximity assay for analysis of Na+/Cl- -dependent neurotransmitter transporter activity. Anal. Biochem. 321 31 PMID:12963052

Certain chronic neurologic disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, are caused by an insufficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine secondary to the degeneration of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. N-(α-Linolenoyl) tyrosine (NALT) is a simple α-amide conjugate between the ω-3 essential fatty acid α-linolenate and the amino acid tyrosine. α-Linolenate is an important precursor to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a prominent brain polyunsaturated fatty acid, while tyrosine is the metabolic precursor for neuronal dopamine synthesis. NALT was prepared as a method for enhancing central nervous system (CNS) dopamine content by facilitated transport of the tyrosine precursor across the blood-brain barrier. In experimental rat models of dopamine insufficiency, NALT increased CNS dopamine levels and exhibited an activity profile consistent with an anti-Parkinson's therapeutic agent.

L-Glutamic acid-15N is the 15N-labeled version of L-Glutamic acid, an excitatory neurotransmitter and an agonist at metabotropic, kainate, NMDA, and AMPA glutamate receptor subtypes. It directly activates the release of dopamine (DA) from dopaminergic terminals.

(R)-Nepicastat HCl (RS-25560-198 HCl), the R-enantiomer of Nepicastat HCl, is a potent and selective inhibitor with IC50 of 25.1 nM and 18.3 nM for bovine and human dopamine-β-hydroxylase, with negligible affinity for twelve other enzymes and thirteen neurotransmitter receptors.

Nepicastat hydrochloride (RS-25560-197 hydrochloride) is an effective and specific inhibitor, which is used for bovine and human dopamine-β-hydroxylase with IC50 of 8.5 nM and 9 nM, respectively.The affinity of Nepicastat for twelve other enzymes and thirteen neurotransmitter receptors is negligible.

3-METHOXY-DL-TYROSINE is a naturally occurring, non-essential amino acid found in the human body and many other organisms. It is a precursor to the neurotransmitter dopamine and is involved in the regulation of dopamine levels in the brain, with potential therapeutic applications in a variety of disorders, including Parkinson's disease, depression and obesity.

L-Glutamic acid-13C is a form of L-Glutamic acid that has been labeled with 13C. As an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter, L-Glutamic acid acts as an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors, including metabotropic kainate, NMDA, and AMPA receptors. It also stimulates the release of dopamine (DA) from dopaminergic nerve terminals.

L-Glutamic acid-d3 is the deuterated form of L-Glutamic acid. As an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter, L-Glutamic acid acts as an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors, including metabotropic glutamate, NMDA, and AMPA. It also enhances the release of dopamine from dopaminergic nerve terminals.

Flibanserin-d4-1 is the deuterated form of Flibanserin. Flibanserin (BIMT-17) functions as a full agonist at the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT1A) receptor with a Ki of 1 nM, and as an antagonist at the 5-HT2A receptor with a Ki of 49 nM. It binds to dopamine D4 receptors with an affinity ranging from 4 to 24 nM, while showing negligible affinity for various other neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels. Flibanserin is being investigated for its potential in treating hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD).

L-Glutamic acid-13C5,15N,d5 is an L-Glutamic acid labeled with 13C, 15N isotopes and deuterium. Acting as an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter, L-Glutamic acid is an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors, including metabotropic, NMDA, and AMPA receptors, and it stimulates the release of dopamine (DA) from dopaminergic nerve terminals.