damages

Ceftriaxone sodium hydrate is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.

Leminoprazole is an orally available H+,K(+)-ATPase inhibitor that protects gastric mucosal cells from various cellular damages.

Oltipraz (RP 35972) is a synthetic dithiolethione with potential chemopreventive and anti-angiogenic properties. Oltipraz induces phase II detoxification enzymes, such as glutathione S transferase (GST) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). The induction of detoxification enzymes enhances the detoxification of certain cancer-causing agents, thereby enhancing their elimination and preventing carcinogen-induced DNA damages. Although the exact mechanism through which the anti-angiogenesis effect remains to be fully elucidated, oltipraz maybe able to modulate the expression of a number of angiogenic factors, thereby blocking the sustained and focal neovascularization in multiple tumor cell types.

Erdosteine (RV 144) is a homocysteine-derived thiol derivative with mucolytic and free radical scavenging properties. Erdosteine and its metabolites modulate mucus production and viscosity, by which facilitating mucociliary transport and improving expectoration. This agent also suppresses the chemical-induced cough reflex as well as protects lung tissues from damages caused by cigarette smoking mediated through free radicals scavenging.

Fusaric acid is an orally active multi-target inhibitor capable of inhibiting fibrosis-related signaling pathways such as NF-κB, TGF-β1/SMADs, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. It also inhibits dopamine β-hydroxylase and reduces endogenous levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine. Fusaric acid activates apoptosis-related proteases such as Caspase-3/7, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9, thereby inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. It chelates divalent metal cations, damages mitochondrial membrane structure, and exerts effects in improving myocardial fibrosis and alleviating cardiac hypertrophy. Additionally, it is applicable in research on esophageal cancer, liver cancer, and other conditions.

N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) is a DNA alkylating agent that alkylates nucleobases and damages DNA, inducing bone marrow suppression and leukemic cell formation, leading to leukemia, tumorigenesis, genetic disorders, and teratogenicity.

MU147 is an MRE11 nuclease inhibitor and chemical probe with anticancer properties, exhibiting lethal effects on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells both in vivo and in vitro. It disrupts the MRE11 nuclease-dependent double-strand break repair mechanism without impairing ATM activation. Additionally, MU147 damages the degradation of nascent strands at stalled replication forks and selectively affects BRCA2-deficient cells.

Src Inhibitor4 (Compound 18) is a derivative of KX-01 and functions as a Src inhibitor. It effectively disrupts tumor cells, damages microtubules, and induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and immunogenic cell death. After introducing phenol or aniline functional groups, Src Inhibitor4 serves as a payload conjugation site for antibody-drug conjugates, showcasing antitumor activity.

AChE-IN-83 (compound f1) is an AChE inhibitor that suppresses nematode growth and acetylcholinesterase activity in rice seeds while being safe for the seeds. It specifically targets Aphelenchoides besseyi, with an LC50 of 19.0 μg/mL over 48 hours. AChE-IN-83 impedes nematode populations and behaviors in rice seeds, damages the nematode cuticle, and induces reactive oxygen species, lipofuscin, and lipid generation within the nematodes.

Maclurin (NSC-83240) is a phenolic component of mulberry twigs, exerts anti-metastatic effects. Maclurin effectively protects against OH-induced damages to DNA and MSCs and can be used in studies about the prevention of many diseases or MSCs transplantation.

Mitochondrial respiration-IN-4 (Compound TC11) is an effective inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration. It damages reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MCF7 cells and induces apoptosis.

Antibacterialagent 301 (compound 14c) is a pyridinecarboxamide derivative of pleuromutilin, exhibiting broad-spectrum antibacterial activity as well as significant antimycoplasmal effects. It inhibits the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), disrupts biofilms, and damages the cell membranes of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. In a murine model of systemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, Antibacterialagent 301 demonstrated efficacy. It can be used in research on multi-drug resistant bacterial infections.

1. Desmethoxyyangonin (5,6-Dehydrokavain) protects LPS or LPS/D-GalN-induced damages in cell or liver tissues mainly through de-regulating IKK/NFκB and Jak2/STAT3 signaling pathways. 2. The induction of CYP3A23 by dihydromethysticin and Desmethoxy yangonin involves transcription activation, probably through a PXR-independent or PXR-involved indirect mechanism.

Antimicrobial agent-2 (compound V-a) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with low toxicity, no obvious resistance, and good bioavailability. It damages the membrane, leading to protein leakage and inducing ROS production. It notably inhibits Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with a MIC of 1 μg/mL [1].

1. Eriocitrin (Eriodictyol-7-O-Rutinoside) is powerful antioxidative flavonoid; (1) Prevents oxidative damages caused by acute exercise-induced oxidative stress.(2) Lipid-lowering effects in a rat model of high-fat diet. 2. Dietary Eriocitrin ameliorates diet-induced hepatic steatosis with activation of mitochondrial biogenesis. 3. Eriocitrin and Apigenin were identified as new potent inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase VA isozyme.

Compound B7-H4-ADC (Mal-amido-PEG8-Val-Ala-PAB-SG3199) is a Drug-Linker Conjugate for ADC that not only inhibits cancer cell proliferation but also induces apoptosis, arrests the cell cycle, and damages DNA [1].

Desmethoxyyangonin (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving Desmethoxyyangonin. 1. Desmethoxyyangonin (5,6-Dehydrokavain) protects LPS or LPS/D-GalN-induced damages in cell or liver tissues mainly through de-regulating IKK/NFκB and Jak2/STAT3 signaling pathways. 2. The induction of CYP3A23 by dihydromethysticin and Desmethoxy yangonin involves transcription activation, probably through a PXR-independent or PXR-involved indirect mechanism.

Eriocitrin (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving Eriocitrin. 1. Eriocitrin (Eriodictyol-7-O-Rutinoside) is powerful antioxidative flavonoid; (1) Prevents oxidative damages caused by acute exercise-induced oxidative stress.(2) Lipid-lowering effects in a rat model of high-fat diet. 2. Dietary Eriocitrin ameliorates diet-induced hepatic steatosis with activation of mitochondrial biogenesis. 3. Eriocitrin and Apigenin were identified as new potent inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase VA isozyme.

Kobophenol A is an oligostilbene natural product derived from plants with multi-target biological activities. Studies suggest that Kobophenol A may interfere with the interaction between ACE2 and the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD), potentially inhibiting viral entry. In addition, Kobophenol A has been reported to exhibit modulatory or inhibitory activity against Protein kinase C.