alkaline

Alkaline Phosphatase is an ubiquitous membrane-bound glycoprotein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters at basic pH values.

3-Carene(Delta-3-Carene) is a bicyclic monoterpene extracted from western larch and Douglas-fir that acts as a phytofungicide.3-Carene inhibits inflammatory infiltrates and COX-2 overexpression induced by nociceptive stimuli.3-Carene has anti-injury properties and promotes the activity and expression of alkaline phosphatase, an early marker of osteoblast differentiation.

L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (Vitamin C phosphate) is a stable and long-lasting vitamin C derivative that stimulates collagen formation and has potential antioxidant capacity. L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate is commonly used to promote osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASCs) in cell culture by increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and runt-related transcription factor-2-DNA(runx2A) expression.

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is a purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphates and a key cellular metabolite in signal transduction and regulation of energy homeostasis.It has a role as an EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor and an adenosine A1 receptor agonist.

Trimyristin (Tritetradecanoin) is primarily located in the membrane (predicted from logP) and adiposome. glyceryl trimyristate exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. In humans, glyceryl trimyristate is involved in the metabolic disorder called de novo triacylglycerol biosynthesis glyceryl trimyristate pathway.

Neoeriocitrin is a natural product isolated from Drynaria Rhizome, shows activity on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1. Neoeriocitrin is a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor.

Azadirachtin B (Deacetylazadirachtinol) is a terpenoid compound isolated from Azadirachta seeds, with insecticidal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiviral activities, useful in the study of viral infections. Azadirachtin B also has osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization properties.

Lactacystin is a natural non-peptide proteasome inhibitor and highly specific anticancer drug that controls the UPS of cellular protein turnover and inhibits alkaline cell proliferation, and is able to be used as a model for studying dementia, induces neurite outgrowth and transiently elevated levels of cAMP, inhibits angiogenesis, triggers apoptosis in glioma cells, and can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

α-D-Glucose-1,6-bisphosphate is abis-phosphorylated derivative of α-D-glucose that has roles in carbohydrate metabolism.1It is the product of the reaction of glucose-1- or 6-phosphate with glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase (PGM2LI) in the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate.2It is also a cofactor for the bacterial enzyme phosphopentomutase.3,4α-D-Glucose-1,6-bisphosphate has been used in the study of carbohydrate metabolism. 1.Beitner, R.Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by glucose 1,6-bisphosphate in extrahepatic tissues; comparison with fructose 2,6-bisphosphateInt. J. Biochem.22(6)553-557(1990) 2.Maliekal, P., Sokolova, T., Vertommen, D., et al.Molecular identification of mammalian phosphopentomutase and glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase, two members of the α-D-phosphohexomutase familyJ. Biol. Chem.282(44)31844-31851(2007) 3.Moustafa, H.M.A., Zaghloul, T.I., and Zhang, Y.-H.P.A simple assay for determining activities of phosphopentomutase from a hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritimaAnal. Biochem.50175-81(2016) 4.Panosian, T.D., Nannemann, D.P., Watkins, G.R., et al.Bacillus cereus phosphopentomutase is an alkaline phosphatase family member that exhibits an altered entry point into the catalytic cycleJ. Biol. Chem.286(10)8043-8054(2011)

Tracheloside significantly decreases the activity of alkaline phosphatase (IC50: 0.31 μg ml), a level of inhibition comparable to that of tamoxifen (IC50: 0.43 μg ml).

H-HomoArg-OH.HCl (L-Homoarginine hydrochloride) is a specific inhibitor of liver-type alkaline phosphatase.

D-Tagatose (D-(-)-Tagatose), a rare natural hexoketose and isomer of D-galactose, occurs naturally in Sterculia setigera gum and is found in small quantities in various foods such as sterilized and powdered cow's milk, hot cocoa, and various cheeses, yogurts, and other dairy products. It can be synthesized from D-galactose by isomerization under alkaline conditions in the presence of calcium. D-Tagatose has numerous health benefits, including promotion of weight loss, no glycemic effect, anti-plaque, non-cariogenic, anti-halitosis, prebiotic, and anti-biofilm properties; it is beneficial for organ transplants, enhancement of flavor, improvement of pregnancy and fetal development, treatment of obesity, and reduction in symptoms associated with type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia, anemia, and hemophilia. (PMID: 17492284).

1. Fraxinellone significantly reduced weight loss and diarrhea in mice and alleviated the macroscopic and microscopic signs of the disease. 2. Fraxinellone exhibited a variety of insecticidal activities including feeding-deterrent activity, inhibition of growth, and larvicidal activity. 3. Fraxinellone has effect in the midgut metabolism of Mythimna separata (M. separata), via protease (especially the weak alkaline trypsin-like enzyme), carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase.

H-HoArg-OH (a homologue of arginine) is a potent inhibitor of human liver and bone alkaline phosphatase.

Polypectate sodium, a principal constituent of cell wall polysaccharides (pectins), serves as a carbon source and triggers polygalacturonase production. It is also employed to assess alkaline-active and stable pectate lyases from Streptomyces spp., and to investigate the optimization of polygalacturonase synthesis from Xanthophyllum spp. under various reaction conditions [1].

7,4'-Dihydroxy-8-methylflavan can significantly promote mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) osteogenic differentiation by increasing the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. 7,4'-Dihydroxy-8-methylflavan also has free radical scavenging properties.

Alloisoimperatorin is a candidate of AChE inhibitors, it displays potent antioxidant effects against the DPPH radical and against renal epithelial cell injury by using AAPH to generate peroxyl radicals in vitro. Alloisoimperatorin has estrogenic activity

Serratenediol demonstrates strong inhibitory effects on the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation without showing any cytotoxicity, its effects being stronger than that of a representative control, oleanolic acid. Serratenediol can promote

Paeonoside, found in P. suffruticosa, is biologically active and can promote wound healing and migration during osteoblast differentiation. Paeonoside has certain antidiabetic activity and may prevent sepsis and death from sepsis. Paeonoside has no cytotoxic effect on preosteoblasts of MC3T3-E1 cells, significantly restores the wound area and promotes cell migration and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and its activity in a dose-dependent manner.

Fallaxsaponin A is isolated from the alkaline hydrolysis products of total saponins in Radix Palygalae.

Dipsacus saponin X is a triterpenoid saponin derived from Dipsacus asper. It stimulates the proliferation of UMR106 cells and increases alkaline phosphatase（ALP） activity. Additionally, it exhibits anti-acetylcholinesterase（AChE) activity, suggesting potential neuroprotective effects.

Hederagenin 3-O-(2-O-acetyl-α-L-arabinopyranoside) significantly elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and enhanced the protein expression levels of bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OC).

23-Aldehyde-16-O-angeloybarringtogenol C (compound 7) is an acid hydrolysis product obtained through oxidative alkaline degradation of camellia seed saponins, which exhibit potential quinone oxidoreductase inducing activity.

Dipsacus saponin XII (compound 6) is a triterpenoid saponin that promotes proliferation and enhances alkaline phosphatase activity in UMR106 cells at a concentration of 4 μM.