α,β-unsaturated

(Z)-2-decenoic acid (cis-dec-2-enoic acid) is an unsaturated short-chain fatty acid secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It can induce a dispersion response in biofilms formed by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and can also inhibit biofilm development.

trans-2-Undecenoic acid ((E)-Undec-2-enoic acid) ((E)-2-Undecenoic acid) is an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid characterized by acid dimers.

Isophorone is a clear liquid that smells like peppermint. It can be dissolved in water and evaporates somewhat faster than water.

Levomenol ((-)-α-BISABOLOL) is a sesquiterpene alcohol that has been found in the essential oils of several aromatic plants, with exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities.

Sesamin is a selective delta 5 desaturase inhibitor in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids and is a lignan abundantly present in sesame oil. It has potent neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia.

Linoleic acid (9,12-octadecadienoic acid) is a naturally occurring polyunsaturated fatty acid found in animal and vegetable oils. Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid that is part of membrane phospholipids.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid is an ω-3 fatty acid and an inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FASN). Eicosapentaenoic Acid promotes DNA demethylation in the reexpression of the tumor suppressor gene CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ). Eicosapentaenoic Acid activates the RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ pathway in U937 leukemia cells through demethylation of the CpG island of H-RAS intron 1. Eicosapentaenoic Acid promotes the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells and vasodilation.

Adrenic Acid (cis-7,10,13,16-Docosatetraenoic acid) is a very-long-chain fatty acid present in blood and human myelin tissue.

Dihomo-γ-Linolenic acid methyl ester is the methyl ester form of Dihomo-γ-Linolenic acid which has anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects.

Eicosadienoic acid is a rare, natural n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid found mainly in animal tissues.

CVT-11127 is an StearoylCoA Desaturase-1 (SCD1) inhibitor.

Pironetin binds to α-tubulin and is an effective inhibitor of microtubule polymerization. It also has cell cycle arrest and antitumor activity. Pironetin is an α/β unsaturated lactone isolated from Streptomyces species.

7α,24(S)-Dihydroxycholesterol ((3β,7α,24S)-Cholest-5-ene-3,7,24-triol) acts as a ligand for liver X receptors (LXR), specifically binding to the ligand-binding domains of LXRα and LXRβ. This compound is synthesized through the E-α,β-unsaturated ketone process, starting with arsindole and J-secondary-butyl dimethylsiloxy-bis-positive-5-cholestenal as the initial materials. It undergoes a series of transformations to produce 7α,24(S)-dihydroxycholesterol.

GSK2793660 is a irreversible covalent α,β-unsaturated amide based DPP1 inhibitor.

CAY10410 is an analog of prostaglandin D2/prostaglandin J2 (PGD2/PGJ2) with structural modifications intended to give it PPARγ ligand activity and resistance to metabolism. 15-deoxy-δ12,14-PGJ2 has been shown to be a potent ligand for PPARγ. Metabolism of the cyclopentenone prostaglandins PGA2, PGJ2, and δ12-PGJ2 occurs via glutathione addition across the α,β unsaturated enone. CAY10410 was designed as an analog of the PPARγ-binding prostaglandins which could not undergo this conjugation reaction. In human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, CAY10410 was not cytotoxic at up to 25 μM. It also failed to covalently modify thioredoxin or induce oxidative stress at 50 μM.

(-)-Cleistenolide, an α,β-unsaturated δ-lactone derived from Cleistochlamys kirkii Oliver, exhibits antibacterial and antitumor activity [1].

Trans-2-Hexenal (trans-2-Hexenal) is an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound protecting plants against harmful substances.

Δ2-cisEicosenoic acid, an α,β-unsaturated fatty acid extracted and purified from fresh water clams, alongside its related compound 2-octadecenoic acid, which improves liver function and decreases blood sugar in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats, and its salts, holds potential medicinal value for treating diabetes and enhancing lipid metabolism.

Δ2-transEicosenoic acid, an α,β-unsaturated fatty acid, emerges as a by-product during the synthesis of Δ2-ciseicosenoic acid, which along with its salts, shows promise in diabetes treatment and lipid metabolism enhancement. Additionally, the compound 2-octadecenoic acid is recognized for its ability to enhance liver function and reduce blood sugar levels in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats.

4-Hydroxynonenal-D3 is the deuterated form of 4-Hydroxynonenal (T10148) (4-HNE), an α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal and a biomarker of oxidative/nitrosative stress. This compound acts as both a substrate and inhibitor of ALDH2. It modulates numerous signaling pathways primarily through covalent adduct formation with nucleophilic functional groups in proteins, nucleic acids, and membrane lipids. Additionally, 4-Hydroxynonenalal plays a significant role in cancer through mitochondrial interactions.

4-Hydroxynonenal-D3 (Standard) is a reference standard of 4-Hydroxynonenal-D3 intended for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related biochemical research applications. 4-Hydroxynonenal-d3 is the deuterated form of 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), an α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal and a biomarker of oxidative/nitrosative stress. This compound acts as both a substrate and inhibitor of ALDH2. It modulates numerous signaling pathways primarily through covalent adduct formation with nucleophilic functional groups in proteins, nucleic acids, and membrane lipids. Additionally, 4-Hydroxynonenalal plays a significant role in cancer through mitochondrial interactions.

Cyclocurcumin is a minor curcuminoid derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa that differs structurally from curcumin despite sharing the same molecular formula (C21H20O6), Cyclocurcumin features an α,β-unsaturated dihydropyranone moiety that drives trans–cis photoisomerization instead of the diketone/keto–enol tautomerism characteristic of curcumin. Cyclocurcumin demonstrates potent biochemical activities, including selective inhibition of human aromatase (CYP19A1) with an IC50 of 4.43 μM—approximately fivefold stronger than curcumin—making it valuable for studying estrogen-related pathways, and uniquely stimulates melanogenesis and melanin export in both melanocyte and melanoma models, positioning it as a promising research tool for investigating hypopigmentary skin disorders.

Dehydrocurdione is a sesquiterpene derived from zedoary with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It functions as a specialized inducer of Heme Oxygenase (HO)-1 by interacting with Keap1 via a Michael addition reaction involving its α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group. This leads to the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and activation of the HO-1 E2 enhancer, effectively suppressing LPS-induced NO release.

4-HNE-Dimethylacetal, an α,β-unsaturated hydroxy aldehyde, can be produced through intracellular lipid peroxidation. It is useful for researching cell signaling pathways, ranging from cell cycle events to cell adhesion.