Rubiaceae

Asperulosidic acid (ASPA) has anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. ASPA is related to the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and mediators via suppression of the NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways.

Aucubin (Rhinanthin) is an iridoid glycoside with anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-algesic as well as anti-tumor activities.

Strictosamide possesses antibacterial and antiviral activities, it also may have important effects on inflammation and inflammatory pain.

Caffeic acid is a dual inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase and TRPV1 ion channels.

8-Hydroxyapigenin (Isoscutellarein) is a brassinaceous compound derived from the plant Scutellaria baicalensis with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-influenza virus activity.

Quinidine is a stereoisomer of the antimalarial agent quinine and a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent. for the treatment of abnormal heart rhythms and also malaria.

3-O-Feruloylquinic acid is a protease inhibitor, it exerts moderate inhibitory effect against AIV (H5N1) in vitro.

4-Vinylphenol is the metabolite of p-coumaric and ferulic acid by lactic acid bacteria in wine found in Hedyotis diffusa Willd. 4-Vinylphenol induces apoptosis in vivo.

Kahweol has anticarcinogenic, anti-angiogenic,and anti-inflammatory activities, it can block the LPS-induced activation of NF-kappaB by preventing IkappaB degradation and inhibiting IkappaB kinase activity.

Asperuloside (Asperulosid) has anti-inflammatory activity.

5-Feruloylquinic acid (5-FQA) is a potent Sirt1 agonist and a potential lead compound for further testing in the drug development process for aging-associated diseases.

Mollugin (Rubimaillin) may be a JAK2 inhibitor and inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway. Mollugin as a candidate for a chemotherapeutic agent in OSCCs via the upregulation of the HO-1 and Nrf2 pathways and the downregulation of NF- κ B. Mollugin may be a novel therapeutic candidate for bone loss-associated disorders including osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis. Also, it has anticancer efficacy, can modulate the HER2 pathway in HER2-overexpressing Y cells with a potential role in the treatment and prevention of human breast and ovarian Y with HER2 overexpression.

3-hydroxymorindone is a natural product from Morinda citrifolia. 3-hydroxymorindone is a pigment.

Embelin (Embelic acid), isolated from the Japanese Ardisia herb, is an inhibitor of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (IC50: 4.1 uM).

4-O-Feruloylquinic acid can be useful for the prevention of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases.

Homoembelin (2,5-dihydroxy-3-nonyl-1,4-benzoquinone) is a pigment from E. ribes and C. monocarpus that has antibacterial effects and can be used to study multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.

Quercimeritrin (Quercetin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside) has antibacterial activity, it shows promising activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

Purpurin (Verantin) was a reversible and competitive inhibitor of MAO-A with a Ki value of 0.422μM. it exhibits anti-angiogenic, antifungal, antibiotic, and antioxidative activities.

1. Paederoside is a potent deterrent against the beetle was isolated from the aphid . 2. Paederoside displays high anti-tumor promoting activity against the Epstein-Barr virus activation.

Scandoside, a cyclic enolide that can be isolated from Haemophilus difficile, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, inhibits the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), TNF-α, and IL-6 messenger RNA (mRNA), and inhibits the nuclear transcription factor, kappa-B alpaha (IκB-α), p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor phosphorylation.

1. Monotropein (Monotropeine) has antinociceptive action. 2. Monotropein has anti-apoptosis and anti-catabolic activity in chondrocytes. 3. Monotropein has anti-inflammatory action by inhibition of the expressions of inflammatory mediators via NF-κB inactivation, and support its possible therapeutic role in colitis. 4. Monotrope ininhibit the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Paederosidic acid has significant anti-tumor, anticonvulsant and sedative effects. Paederosidic acid increases brain gamma-aminobutyric acid and decreases glutamic acid in the brain, and it up-regulates expressions of GAD 65, may be a promising future the

7-Oxo-beta-sitosterol (7-Ketositosterol), a phytosterol isolated from the fruit of x giganteus, has anticancer and antitumor activity, inhibits the proliferation of HL-60 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, and stimulates the growth of HL-60 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells through the downregulation of the levels of S1P, p-44/42 ERK1/2 and p-NF-κB p65 proteins. -κB p65 protein levels to stimulate ceramide accumulation and apoptosis, and can be used to study breast cancer.

Quinine is a natural cinchona alkaloid that has been used for centuries in the prevention and therapy of malaria. Quinine is also used for idiopathic muscle cramps. Quinine therapy has been associated with rare instances of hypersensitivity reactions which can be accompanied by hepatitis and mild jaundice.