Apocynaceae

Caudatin is one of the species of C-21 steroidal glycosides mainly isolated from the root of Cynanchum bungei Decne and exhibits potent anticancer activities.

β-Amyrin (beta-Amyrin) has antiviral, hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory

Vinblastine sulfate (Vincaleukoblastine sulfate salt) can inhibit the formation of microtubule, it also inhibits nAChR(IC50=8.9 uM).

Trachelogenin ((-)-Trachelogenin), isolated from Combretum fruticosum, is an HCV entry inhibitor with anti-proliferative effects. Its mechanism is related to affecting the phosphorylation of key proteins such as β-Catenin, c-Myc and GSK3 in the β-Catenin signaling pathway. chemical and concentration-dependent. Trachelogenin has antiviral, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities with IC50 of 0.325 and 0.259 μg/mL in HCVcc and HCVpp models, respectively.

Vincristine sulfate is an alkaloidal natural product that binds to microtubule proteins and inhibits the formation of microtubules, thereby inhibiting mitosis in tumor cells. Vincristine sulfate is used as a microtubule destabilizing agent in research studies for the treatment of hematologic neoplasms such as leukemias and lymphomas, as well as in studies related to sarcomas in children.

1. Periplocin (Periplocoside) has anti-cancer effects on lung cancer cells, induces apoptosis and inhibits growth of cancer cells by the beta-catenin/Tcf signaling pathway. 2. Periplocin is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, reinforcement of bones and tendons, palpitations or shortness of breath and lower extremity edema in traditional medicine.

Isotrifoliin (Isoquercitroside)n is an effective antioxidant and an eosinophilic inflammation suppressor.

1. Periplogenin (Desoxostrophanthidin) plays protective roles against thyrotoxicosis and associated cardiovascular problems, are mediated through its direct antithyroidal and/or LPO inhibiting properties.

Tracheloside significantly decreases the activity of alkaline phosphatase (IC50: 0.31 μg/ml), a level of inhibition comparable to that of tamoxifen (IC50: 0.43 μg/ml).

beta-Amyrin acetate inhibits HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) and sEH activity with IC50 of 3.4 μM. beta-Amyrin acetate has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antioxidant, and anti-hyperlipidemic activities.

Secologanic acid is a plant growth inhibitor, it shows inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages.

Qingyangshengenin B (Otophylloside B) is a C-21 steroidal glycoside isolated from Qingyangshen. Qingyangshengenin B protects against Aβ toxicity, which decreases Aβ deposition by decreasing the expression of Aβ at the mRNA level. Qingyangshengenin B has antiepileptic and anti-aging effects, it can extend lifespan, increase heat stress-resistance, delay body paralysis, and increase the chemotaxis response in C. elegans models of Alzheimer's disease. Otophylloside B can suppress the seizure-like locomotor activity caused by pentylenetetrazole in zebrafish.

Vindoline is an indole alkaloid that exhibits antimitotic activity by inhibiting microtubule assembly.

Quercetin 3-O-malonylglucoside is a quercetin O -glucoside and flavonoid, a natural metabolite with potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

Oleaside A is isolated from Nerium oleander.

Voacamine (Voacanginine) is an indole alkaloid. Voacamine exhibits potent cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonistic activity. Voacamine also inhibits P-glycoprotein (P-gp) action in multidrug-resistant tumor cells.Voacanginine may have rhythmic effects.

Picein (Piceoside) is derived from Picrorhiza kurroa and shows antioxidant properties.

1. Oleandrin (Folinerin), the principal cardiac glycoside component of PBI-524, can quantitatively account for regulation of BDNF at both the protein and transcriptional levels. 2. Oleandrin are known to inhibit the Na, K-ATPase pump, resulting in a consequent increase in calcium influx in heart muscle. 3. Oleandrin has stronger anti-proliferative activity in undifferentiated CaCO-2 cells (IC50, 8.25 nM) , causes an autophagic cell death and altered ERK phosphorylation in undifferentiated.

Apocynin (NSC 2146) is a specific NADPH-oxidase inhibitor (IC50: 10 μM).

Periplogenin 3-[O-β-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-sarmentopyranoside] (Periplogenin 3-[O-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-sarmentopyranoside]) is a carmenolide extracted from Periploca sepium.

Adynerin is a steroid found in the herbs of Nerium oleander.

L-quebrachitol is a natural product.L-quebrachitol may promote osteoblastogenesis by triggering the BMP-2-response as well as the Runx2, MAPK, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Tenacissoside G is a C21 steroid from the stem of Marsdenia tenacissima. It reverses multidrug resistance in multidrug-resistant cancer cells overexpressing P-glycoprotein.

Androsin, isolated from Picrorhiza Kurroa Royle ex Benth, has anti-asthmatic effects.