ischemia-reperfusion injury

9-Phenanthrol is inhibitor of the transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM) channel, a Ca2+ -activated non-selective cation channel.

SRS16-86 is a novel third-generation ferrostatin, is an inhibitor of ferroptosis.

MEG hemisulfate (Mercaptoethylguanidine hemisulfate) acts as a highly potent and selective suppressor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), demonstrating EC50 values of 11.5 μM for iNOS, 110 μM for ecNOS, and 60 μM for bNOS in tissue homogenates. It is notably effective as a peroxynitrite scavenger and blocks peroxynitrite-triggered oxidative mechanisms. Furthermore, this compound offers protective benefits across various experimental inflammation prototypes, such as ischemia/reperfusion injury, hemorrhagic shock, periodontitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and both endotoxic and septic shock.

Tirilazad mesylate (U 74006F) is a non-glucocorticoid, lipid peroxidation inhibitor with antiviral and neuroprotective activities. It confines intracellular intramembranous foci, attenuates spinal cord injuries induced by trauma, stroke, and ischemia/reperfusion injuries, inhibits toxins in dogs, and is used in the study of neurological disorders.

FK-330 (FR-260330) is a novel orally active inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor with potential anticancer and antitumor activity that prevents ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat liver transplantation.

Raxofelast (IRFI-016) is a hydrophilic, non-systemic, vitamin-like antioxidant that reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury in testis. Raxofelast is a good candidate compound for stopping oxidative stress after acute testicular torsion. Raxofelast has the potential to treat diabetic complications and atherosclerosis.

Protectin D1 (Neuroprotectin D1) is a neuroprotectin produced by neuronal cells and is a potential cardioprotective agent.Protectin D1 attenuates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury and inhibits imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation by modulating the PI3K AKT signaling pathway.

FK-330 dihydrate (FR-260330 dihydrate) is a novel and effective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. It can prevent ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat liver transplantation.

LUF6096 (CF-602) is a potent allosteric enhancer of the adenosine A3 receptor, exhibiting the capability to enhance agonist binding allosterically while demonstrating low orthosteric affinity across adenosine receptors. It displays protective effects in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Citicoline sodium (CDP-choline) is an endogenous intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine. It also serves as a choline donor in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Citicoline sodium demonstrates protective effects in cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, and memory disorders. Exogenous administration of citicoline to rodents (500 mg/kg i.p. immediately after ischemia and at 3-h reperfusion) has been shown to stimulate the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and cardiolipin and to attenuate the release of arachidonic acid and the accumulation of ceramide.

Montelukast sodium (MK0476) is an orally available leukotriene receptor antagonist which is widely used for the prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma and has been linked to rare cases of clinically apparent liver injury.

Sivelestat (ONO5046) is a potent and selective inhibitor of neutrophil elastase with IC50 of 44 nM.

SSR69071 is a potent, orally active, and selective inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, displaying higher affinity for human elastase (Ki = 0.0168 nM) compared to rat (Ki = 3 nM), mouse (Ki = 1.8 nM), and rabbit (Ki = 58 nM) elastases [2]. It reduces myocardial infarct size following ischemia-reperfusion injury [1] and has potential for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, asthma, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, and various inflammatory diseases.

Montelukast (Singular) is an orally available leukotriene receptor antagonist which is widely used for the prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma and has been linked to rare cases of clinically apparent liver injury.

PD-166793 is an orally active, potent and selective MMP inhibitor with inhibitory effects on MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-13.PD-166793 ameliorates myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in a rat model of heart failure.PD-166793 is an orally active, potent and selective MMP inhibitor with inhibitory effects on MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-13.

KR-32568 is a sodium hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE-1) inhibitor (IC50: 230 nM) with potent cardioprotective effects. At a concentration of 10 μM, it restored cardiac systolic function in an isolated ischemic rat heart model. Additionally, KR-32568 (0.3 mg kg) reduced myocardial infarction size in a rat model of ischemia and reperfusion injury.

(Z)-Nexinhib20 is an isomei of Nexinhib20. Nexinhib20 is an inhibitor targeting Rab27a-JFC1 interactions (IC50: 2.6 μM) and Rac-1-GTP. It suppresses neutrophil exocytosis, adhesion, and β2 integrin activation, while exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. Nexinhib20 is applicable in research on systemic inflammation and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

FR 167653 sulfate, an orally active and selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK, is effective in treating inflammation, trauma, and ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo. It acts as a potent suppressor of TNF-α and IL-1β production through specific inhibition of p38 MAPK activity.

FR 167653 free base is an orally active p38 MAPK inhibitor and is effective in treating inflammation, relieving trauma, and ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo. It also is a potent suppressor of TNF-α and IL-1β production via specific inhibition of p38 MA

LS-102 is a selective inhibitor of the E3 ligase synoviolin (Syvn1), an astragaloside IV derivative, which attenuates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting mitochondrial fission.LS-102 inhibits Syvn1 auto-ubiquitylation, which ameliorates amyloidazole-induced slowing of the heart rate, and is useful for studying cardiovascular diseases.

BI-9627 is a selective and potent sodium hydrogen exchange isomer 1 (NHE1) inhibitor.BI-9627 partially reverses the effects of DMA with IC50 values of 6 and 31 nM in the intracellular pH recovery (pHi) and human platelet lysis assays.BI-9627 is often used as a negative control for BI-0054, which can be used for the study of ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated hearts. BI-9627 is often used as a negative control for BI-0054 and can be used to study ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated hearts.

Keap1-Nrf2-IN-22 (compound 19) acts as a Keap1-Nrf2 inhibitor with a KD2 value of 42.2 nM. It is utilized in research focused on acute lung injury (ALI) and cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I R) injuries.

Ferroptosis-IN-12 (Cpd-A1) is an inhibitor of ferroptosis. It effectively suppresses ferroptosis in mouse renal tubular epithelial cells (mTECs) treated with Erastin and improves renal function in dose-dependent manners in mouse models of acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by ischemia reperfusion (I R) or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). This compound also reduces renal tubular damage and eliminates inflammation. Exhibiting good plasma stability and high distribution in renal tissues during pharmacokinetic studies in mice, Ferroptosis-IN-12 shows promising potential for research in the field of AKI.

KH176m serves as a selective inhibitor of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), effectively suppressing mPGES-1 expression. It inhibits the growth of DU145-derived spheroids, but does not affect cells with low mPGES-1 expression such as LNCaP. As an antioxidant and redox modulator, KH176m demonstrates high efficacy in combating cardiac oxidative stress, with its impact varying according to the duration of ischemia. It holds potential therapeutic value in alleviating acute cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI).