heparan sulfate

Heparan sulfate is a natural product, a linear polysaccharide. Heparan sulfate occurs as a proteoglycan (HSPG) that is tightly attached to cell surface or extracellular matrix proteins.

Heparan Sulfate 2-O-Sulfotransferase 1 is a sulfonyltransferase that influences the biosynthesis of dermatan sulfate.

Heparan Sulfate 3-O-Sulfotransferase 1 is a type of sulfotransferase enzyme. It regulates the cellular production of structures associated with the anticoagulant heparan sulfate.

Heparan Sulfate 3-O-Sulfotransferase 4 is a sulfotransferase enzyme involved in the regulation of the Notch signaling pathway.

Heparan Sulfate 6-O-Sulfotransferase 1 is a sulfotransferase enzyme that plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate.

Heparan Sulfate 6-O-Sulfotransferase 3 is a sulfotransferase enzyme that plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate.

Heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) is a glycoprotein formed by the covalent bonding of a core protein with heparan sulfate chains. It is a component of the basement membrane.

Heparan Sulfate Glucosamine 3-O-Sulfotransferase 3 is a sulfotransferase enzyme that plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate.

Pro-xylane (Hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol) is a C-glycoside, a xylose derivative, that stimulates the production of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and induces a higher deposition of proteins in basement membranes and dermal-epidermal junctions (DEJs). Pro-xylane is used to maintain skin elasticity and improve skin aging.

OGT 2115 is an inhibitor of heparanase (IC50 = 0.4 µM), an enzyme that cleaves heparan sulfate into glucuronic acid (GlcUA) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). OGT 2115 also showed antiangiogenic properties (IC50=1 μM).

Pixatimod (also known as PG-545) is a synthetic carbohydrate-modified heparan sulfate mimetic and a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist. It exhibits potential immunostimulatory, antitumor, and antiviral effects. Pixatimod effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by disrupting the spike protein-ACE2 interaction. Additionally, it blocks various cancer-promoting processes such as cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These effects have demonstrated significant efficacy in numerous mouse cancer models, including about 30 xenograft models and 20 syngeneic models. Pixatimod has been tested in combination with several approved anticancer compounds, showing clinical potential when used with gemcitabine, paclitaxel, sorafenib, platinum compounds, and anti-PD-1 antibodies.

Pixatimod (also known as PG-545) is a synthetic modified heparan sulfate mimetic and an agonist of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), showcasing potential immunostimulatory, antitumor, and antiviral properties. It effectively inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by disrupting the interaction between the spike protein and ACE2. Moreover, Pixatimod blocks cancer-promoting processes such as cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These activities have demonstrated significant efficacy across various murine cancer models, including approximately 30 xenograft models and 20 syngeneic models. Pixatimod has been tested in combination with several approved anticancer compounds, underscoring its clinical potential, with drugs like gemcitabine, paclitaxel, sorafenib, platinum-based compounds, and an anti-PD-1 antibody.

L-Iduronic acid sodium salt, a monosaccharide, is an essential component of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as heparin, heparan sulfate, and dermatan sulfate.

NSC 12 is an orally active pan-FGF trap that inhibits FGF-dependent tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis.NSC 12 binds FGF2 and interferes with its interaction with FGFR1, but does not affect the ability of FGF2 to bind heparin or heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), with potential antitumor activity.NSC 12 also organizes several other FGF isoforms to form the HSPG/FGF/FGFR ternary complex.

Hemisurfen is a small molecule, surfen derivative with heparan sulfate antagonist properties.

Pabinafusp alfa (JR-141), a transferrin receptor-targeting antibody fusing Iduronate 2-sulfatase with an anti-human transferrin receptor antibody, penetrates the blood-brain barrier and inhibits heparan sulfate (HS) accumulation within the central nervous system of mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II) mice. It enhances cognitive function and protects against neuronal damage in the central nervous system [1].

Lepunafusp alfa (JR-171) is a blood-brain barrier-penetrating fusion protein comprising J-Brain Cargo and α-L-iduronidase (IDUA), a lysosomal enzyme. This compound effectively lowers levels of heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) and is utilized in the study of mucopolysaccharidosis type I [1] [2].

CHI3L1-IN-2 (Compound 36), a potent inhibitor of CHI3L1 (YKL-40), effectively blocks the interaction between CHI3L1 and heparan sulfate (CHI3L1:HSIII), demonstrating an IC 50 of 26 nM [1].

Pro-Xylane (Standard) is the standard substance of Pro-Xylane, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Pro-xylane (Hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol) is a C-glycoside, a xylose derivative, that stimulates the production of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and induces a higher deposition of proteins in basement membranes and dermal-epidermal junctions (DEJs). Pro-xylane is used to maintain skin elasticity and improve skin aging.

Fibronectin is a high-molecular weight (~440kDa) extracellular matrix glycoprotein that binds to membrane-spanning receptor proteins called integrins.In addition to integrins, fibronectin also binds extracellular matrix components such as collagen, fibrin

pCXCL8-1aa is an anti-inflammatory peptide. It competitively inhibits the binding of CXCL8 to glycosaminoglycans by binding with high affinity to glycosaminoglycans like heparan sulfate (HS). This action reduces the presentation of CXCL8 on the surface of vascular endothelial cells, thereby inhibiting neutrophil migration and the inflammatory response. pCXCL8-1aa is useful for research in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

N-Deacetylase/N-Sulfotransferase 1 is a sulfotransferase that modifies heparan sulfate-dependent growth factor and morphogen signaling.

Arylsulfatase B (EC:3.1.6.12, ARSB) is an enzyme that removes sulfate groups, known as chemical moieties, from the glycosaminoglycans heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate.