heart rate

Ivabradine hydrochloride (S 16257-2) is a new If inhibitor (IC50: 2.9 μM). Ivabradine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of ivabradine, an orally bioavailable, hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel blocker, with negative chronotropic activity. Upon administration, ivabradine selectively binds to the intracellular portion of the HCN channel pore and blocks HCN channels in the pacemaker cells within the sinoatrial (SA) node. This inhibits the If (funny) pacemaker ion current, prevents the inward flow and intracellular accumulation of positively charged ions, reduces pacemaker activity and slows diastolic depolarization.

Arbutamine (GP 21213) is a novel potent non-selective beta-adrenoceptor agonist with alpha-1-sympathomimetic activity.Arbutamine promotes cardiac stress and increases heart rate, cardiac contractility.Arbutamine can be used to study cardiac stress and coronary artery disease

Selodenoson (RG-14202) is a selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist used to slow the heart rate in patients with atrial fibrillation and to treat arrhythmias.

Ranolazine dihydrochloride (Ranolazine 2HCl) , an antianginal agent, can treat arrhythmia via a novel mechanism of action (inhibition of the late phase of the inward sodium current), and do not affect blood pressure or heart rate.

Quinapril hydrochloride (PD-109452-2) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used in the therapy of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Quinapril hydrochloride is associated with a low rate of transient serum aminotransferase elevations, but has yet to be linked to instances of acute liver injury.

Amiodarone hydrochloride is an anti-anginal agent and a class III antiarrhythmic drug that inhibits potassium channels (including wild-type hERG channels and their tail currents, with an IC₅₀ of approximately 45 nM) as well as voltage-gated sodium channels. This leads to prolonged action potential duration in ventricular and atrial myocytes, resulting in reduced heart rate and vascular resistance. It activates ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in fibroblasts, promoting cell proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation. Amiodarone hydrochloride is widely used in the study of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias and can also be used to establish pulmonary fibrosis animal models.

Hydralazine hydrochloride (Apresoline) is the hydrochloride salt of hydralazine, a phthalazine derivative with antihypertensive and potential antineoplastic activities. Hydralazine alters intracellular calcium release and interferes with smooth muscle cell calcium influx, resulting in arterial vasodilatation. This agent also inhibits the phosphorylation of myosin protein and chelation of trace metals required for smooth muscle contraction, resulting in an increase in heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output. In addition to its cardiovascular effects, hydralazine inhibits DNA methyltransferase, which may result in inhibition of DNA methylation in tumor cells.

Bethanechol chloride (Carbamyl-β-methylcholine chloride) is a slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. It is used to increase smooth muscle tone in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or to treat urinary retention without obstruction. Possible side effects include hypotension, heart rate changes, and bronchial spasm.

LS-102 is a selective inhibitor of the E3 ligase synoviolin (Syvn1), an astragaloside IV derivative, which attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting mitochondrial fission.LS-102 inhibits Syvn1 auto-ubiquitylation, which ameliorates amyloidazole-induced slowing of the heart rate, and is useful for studying cardiovascular diseases.

Afurolol Hydrochloride (DL 071-IT) is a non-selective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist. DL 071 IT exhibits intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, reducing exercise heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and resting heart rate.

Xanthine amine congener trihydrochloride is a potent adenosine antagonist that reverses the reduction in urine flow, sodium excretion and heart rate produced by the adenosine agonist, N6-cyclohexyladenosine.

Ivabradine-D3 hydrochloride is a new If inhibitor with IC50 of 2.9 μM, and used as a pure heart rate lowering agent. Ivabradine hydrochloride (TMSM-3413) is the deuterium labeled Ivabradine hydrochloride.

Ivabradine-D6 hydrochloride is a new If inhibitor with IC50 of 2.9 μM, and used as a pure heart rate lowering agent. Ivabradine D6 hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Ivabradine hydrochloride (T2535).

Nadolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic activities. Nadolol competitively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors located in the heart and vascular smooth muscle, inhibiting the activities of the catechola

Reserpinine, a natural product, is a kind of indole alkaloid, which can reduce blood pressure and slow down heart rate. Its effect is slow, mild and long-lasting, and it has a long-lasting calming effect on the central nervous system.

Butopamine hydrochloride is an orally active inotropic compound that is more effective at increasing heart rate compared to Dobutamine.

1,4-Dihydropyridine acts as an antagonist for calcium channels (calcium channel), specifically blocking the L-type calcium channels. This action reduces the influx of calcium ions into cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cells, consequently decreasing cardiac contractility and heart rate, dilating blood vessels, and lowering blood pressure.

Ouabain is a cardiac steroid that binds to and inhibits the activity of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase. This compound enhances myocardial contractility, stabilizes heart rate, and promotes the growth of cardiac, vascular, and neural cells both in vitro and in vivo.

MCN-2165 is a compound that induces negative heart rate changes, increases cyclic AMP levels, and can cause ventricular fibrillation.

O-Desmethylcarvedilol (Desmethylcarvedilol) is an active metabolite of Carvedilol, a non-selective β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonist. This compound inhibits store overload-induced calcium release in HEK293 cells expressing the RyR2 R4496C mutation (IC50= 7.62 µM). Additionally, O-Desmethylcarvedilol slows the increase in heart rate and prevents diastolic pressure reduction induced by Isoproterenol in conscious rabbits (ED50s = 32 and 5 µg/kg).

Esmolol acid (ASL-8123) hydrochloride is a mild antagonist of β-adrenergic receptors. It inhibits the heart rate and diastolic pressure responses induced by Isoproterenol in a dose-dependent manner and is applicable for renal failure research.

DBPR116 is a prodrug of BPRMU191 that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. It significantly enhances the delivery efficiency of drugs targeting the central nervous system. When combined with the antagonist Naltrexone, DBPR116 demonstrates superior safety and analgesic effects compared to morphine in various in vivo pharmacological studies, including thermal pain models, cancer pain models, constipation, sedation, psychological dependence, heart rate, and respiratory frequency. As a strategy for peripheral administration, DBPR116 effectively alleviates pain while reducing adverse effects, showing promise as a safer opioid analgesic.

SGLT2-IN-2 (Compound E9) is an inhibitor of SGLT2 and significantly enhances the inhibition of SGLT2, NHE1, and SOD enzyme activities. It provides protection against myocardial cell damage induced by glucose-free DMEM. Additionally, SGLT2-IN-2 markedly improves cardiac function in TAC-induced heart failure (HF) mice, suppressing myocardial cell hypertrophy and collagen deposition. It reduces myocardial tissue damage and boosts autophagy in damaged myocardial cells, increasing the survival rate of HF mice.

Mopidralazine hydrochloride (MDL-899) (Compound 30) is an orally active antihypertensive agent. It significantly reduces systolic blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rat models with an ED50 value of 1.94 mg/kg. In renal hypertensive dog models, Mopidralazine hydrochloride acts more slowly but has a longer duration of effect and significantly less impact on heart rate increase. It is utilized in hypertension research.