cleaved caspase 3

Polyphyllin D induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway as evidenced by decreased Bcl-2 expression levels, disruption of MMP and increased Bax, cytochrome C, and cleaved-caspase-3 levels. Polyphyllin D has an anti-angiogenic effect. Polyphyllin D has toxicity in human RBCs as well as its underlying mechanism for the hemolysis and eryptosis erythroptosis. Polyphyllin D has strong anticancer activity, can overcome drug resistance in R-HepG2 cells and elicit programmed cell death via mitochondrial dysfunction.

Avenanthramide C is an orally available natural alkaloid with antioxidant inflammatory properties that reduces the expression of TNF-a, BAK, IL-1b, and Bcl-2; reverses memory and behavioral deficits in Alzheimer's disease, with a reduction in caspase-3 cleavage and an increase in levels of pS9GSK-3β and IL-10, is able to bind α1A adrenergic and stimulate AMPK; can attenuate noise and drug-induced hearing loss.