catabolic

L-Alanyl-L-glutamine (Ala-Gln), a dipeptide composed of alanine and Gln, is an alternative supplement to L-glutamine in the production of biopharmaceuticals with better solubility and stability than glutamine (Gln).

NCGC00135472 (DRV1 (GPR32) agonist C2A) is a human Resolvin DI receptor DRV1 agonist with pro-catabolic properties that activates the human soluble protein D1 receptor DRV1/GPR32 receptor in beta-blocker and cAMP assays with EC50s of 0.37 uM and 0.05 uM, respectively.NCGC00135472 induces in cells overexpressing recombinant DRV1 rapid impedance changes that stimulate phagocytosis of serum-treated zymoglycans.

Probucol (DH-581), an anti-hyperlipidemic drug, can lower the level of cholesterol in the bloodstream by increasing the LDL catabolic rate.

Ipriflavone (Osteofix) (Osteofix) is a feed additive and a catabolic agent. It is used to inhibit bone resorption.

Uniconazole is a plant growth regulator that inhibit cytochrome P450 707As (Ki=68 nM). CYP707As is a major ABA catabolic enzyme that catabolize Abscisic acid, accordingly suppress gibberellin and sterol biosynthesis.

Phenylpyruvic acid (3-Phenylpyruvic acid) is a keto-acid that is an intermediate or catabolic byproduct of phenylalanine metabolism. It has a slight honey-like odor. Levels of phenylpyruvate are normally very low in blood or urine. High levels of phenylpyruvic acid can be found in the urine of individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU), an inborn error of metabolism.

NADH disodium salt (Disodium NADH) hydrate is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) that can donate electrons in a reducing reaction, becoming oxidized to produce NAD+. Various enzymes utilize NADH disodium salt hydrate plus H+ to reduce substrates, generating NAD+ and the reduced product.

Diniconazole (Rac-diniconazole) is a fungicide. It is known as a plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) catabolic inhibitor, and acts as a potent competitive inhibitor of recombinant Arabidopsis ABA 8'-hydroxylase, CYP707A3.

NADH disodium salt hydrate is a coenzyme of oxidoreductase. NADH acts as a regenerative electron donor during catabolic processes including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and beta-oxidation.

TAS-114 is an orally active dual inhibitor of dUTPase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). TAS-114 targets the intercellular metabolism of 5-FU to enhance antitumor activity and modulates catabolic pathways to improve the systemic availability of 5-FU.

TAK-756 is a TAK1 inhibitor that selectively targets IRAK1/4 and exhibits excellent intra-articular pharmacokinetic properties. TAK1 is a potential molecular target for osteoarthritis (OA) due to its complementary anti-catabolic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Nitisinone-13C6is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of nitisinone by GC- or LC-MS. Nitisinone is an inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), which converts 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPPA) to homogentisate in the tyrosine catabolic pathway.1Nitisinone increases urinary levels of HPPA and 4-hydroxyphenyllactate (HPLA) in rats when administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Nitisinone (3 mg/kg) prevents the neonatal lethality of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) deficiency in mice when administered to pregnant dams.2It exhibits hepatoprotective effects inFAH-/-mice, such as prevention of increases in plasma levels of aspartate serine aminotransferase (AST) and conjugated bilirubin, when administration is continued following birth at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Nitisinone (100 μg) decreases urinary excretion of homogentisate and increases urinary excretion of HPPA, HPLA, and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate in a mouse model of alkaptonuria induced by ethylnitrosourea.3Formulations containing nitisinone have been used in the treatment of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT-1). 1.Ellis, M.K., Whitfield, A.C., Gowans, L.A., et al.Inhibition of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase by 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-cyclohexane-1,3-dione and 2-(2-chloro-4-methanesulfonylbenzoyl)-cyclohexane-1,3-dioneToxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.133(1)12-19(1995) 2.Grompe, M., Lindstedt, S., al-Dhalimy, M., et al.Pharmacological correction of neonatal lethal hepatic dysfunction in a murine model of hereditary tyrosinaemia type INat. Genet.10(4)453-460(1995) 3.Suzuki, Y., Oda, K., Yoshikawa, Y., et al.A novel therapeutic trial of homogentisic aciduria in a murine model of alkaptonuriaJ. Hum. Genet.44(2)79-84(1999)

Glycerophosphorylethanolamine is an active phosphodiester metabolite of phosphatidylethanolamine.1,2It promotes aggregation of amyloid-β (1-40) (Aβ40)in vitro, and levels of glycerophosphorylethanolamine are elevated in postmortem brains isolated from patients with Alzheimer's disease. 1.Klunk, W.E., Xu, C.J., McClure, R.J., et al.Aggregation of β-amyloid peptide is promoted by membrane phospholipid metabolites elevated in Alzheimer's disease brainJ. Neurochem.69(1)266-272(1997) 2.Blusztajn, J.K., Lopez Gonzalez-Coviella, I., Logue, M., et al.Levels of phospholipid catabolic intermediates, glycerophosphocholine and glycerophosphoethanolamine, are elevated in brains of Alzheimer's disease but not of Down's syndrome patientsBrain Res.536(1-2)240-244(1990)

JNJ-1289 is a selective, potent, and competitive inhibitor of human spermine oxidase (hSMOX) with an IC50 value of 50 nM.JNJ-1289 has potential anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity for the study of polyamine catabolic disorders.

Ceramide (Egg, Chicken) plays a major role in the anabolic and catabolic pathways of sphingolipid. Ceramide (Egg, Chicken) stimulates many cell differentiation, growth inhibition, cell senescence and apoptosis.

1. Monotropein (Monotropeine) has antinociceptive action. 2. Monotropein has anti-apoptosis and anti-catabolic activity in chondrocytes. 3. Monotropein has anti-inflammatory action by inhibition of the expressions of inflammatory mediators via NF-κB inactivation, and support its possible therapeutic role in colitis. 4. Monotrope ininhibit the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages.

JAS239 is a novel carbocyanine dye that binds and competitively inhibits choline kinase (ChoK) intracellularly. JAS239 attenuated choline phosphorylation and viability in a panel of human breast cancer cell lines. Antibody blockade prevented cellular retention of JAS239 indicating direct interaction with ChoKα independent of the choline transporters and catabolic choline pathways. In mice bearing orthotopic MCF7 breast xenografts, optical imaging with JAS239 distinguished tumors overexpressing ChoKα from their empty vector counterparts and delineated tumor margins.

Diethylnorspermine, also known as DENSPM, BE-333, DE-333 and N(1),N(11)-Diethylnorspermine, is a highly potent known inducer of the polyamine catabolic enzyme, spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT). A designed polyamines (PAs) analog which induces cell cycle arrest, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in melanoma, breast, prostate, lung and colon cancer cells..

TFMU-ADPr triethylamine, a versatile substrate for evaluating poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) activity, enables direct measurement of total PAR hydrolase activity through the liberation of a fluorophore. With outstanding reactivity, generality, stability, and usability, it serves as an essential tool for the in vitro assessment of small-molecule inhibitors and exploration of the regulation of ADP-ribosyl catabolic enzymes [1].

Acyl coenzyme A synthetase (ACS), also known as acetyl coenzyme A synthetase, catalyzes the activation of fatty acids via coenzyme A through a two-step thioesterification process, forming acyl coenzyme A. It is crucial in anabolic and catabolic lipid metabolism pathways and contributes to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle during aerobic respiration [1].

α-Galactosidase is an endogenous glycosidase that can break down oligosaccharides and glycolipids containing α-galactoside bonds and can be used in the study of Fabry disease.

L-Citrulline-d4 is the deuterated form of L-Citrulline. L-Citrulline, an amino acid, is derived from the catabolic processes involving ornithine, originating from the breakdown of proline, glutamine, and glutamates, or it can be obtained through the l-arginine pathway known as the arginine-citrulline cycle.

Diniconazole (Standard) is the standard substance of Diniconazole, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Diniconazole (Rac-diniconazole) is a fungicide. It is known as a plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) catabolic inhibitor, and acts as a potent competitive inhibitor of recombinant Arabidopsis ABA 8'-hydroxylase, CYP707A3.

Uniconazole (Standard) is the standard substance of Uniconazole, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Uniconazole is a plant growth regulator that inhibit cytochrome P450 707As (Ki=68 nM). CYP707As is a major ABA catabolic enzyme that catabolize Abscisic acid, accordingly suppress gibberellin and sterol biosynthesis.