anti-viral activities

Xanthone (Xanthenone) is currently used as ovicide for codling moth eggs and as a larvicide.

Indomethacin is an orally active nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that non-selectively inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, with IC₅₀ values of 18 nM and 26 nM, respectively. It exhibits good blood-brain barrier permeability and shows significant anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-infective activities. Indomethacin is widely used in research related to cancer, inflammation, and viral infections, and is also commonly used to induce gastric ulcer models in animals.

Parthenolide ((-)-Parthenolide) is a natural sesquiterpene lactone that is an NF-κB inhibitor and also specifically inhibits HDAC1 protein, but is inactive against other class I/II HDACs. Parthenolide has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-viral activities.

Azadirachtin B (Deacetylazadirachtinol) is a terpenoid compound isolated from Azadirachta seeds, with insecticidal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antiviral activities, useful in the study of viral infections. Azadirachtin B also has osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization properties.

Loxoribine (RWJ 21757) is a guanosine analog. Loxoribine is an orally bioavailable and selective Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 agonist. It has anti-viral and anti-tumor activities.Loxoribine is a potent new immunostimulant with a relatively broad spectrum of immunobiological activities.

Indomethacin sodium hydrate is an effective orally active, competitive, and reversible inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2, with IC50 values of 18 nM and 26 nM, respectively. It possesses anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities and is commonly used in research related to cancer, inflammation, and viral infections. Additionally, it can induce migraines and gastrointestinal injury and is used to study increased intracranial pressure secondary to severe traumatic brain injury in adults, as well as rheumatoid arthritis. It can also be used to induce gastric ulcer models.

PD 404182 is a human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) inhibitor with anti-angiogenic and antiviral activities, and can be used to study cardiovascular diseases and viral infections.

Menisdaurin is a cyanogenic glycoside natural product isolated from the plant species Flueggea virosa, and its purported anti-viral pharmacological activities have been analytically characterized and quantified through an ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (UPLC-PDA) method.

Quercetin pentaacetate (Pentaacetylquercetin) has diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Quercetin pentaacetate interacts with RSV and inhibit the viral adhesion on cell surface.

Indomethacin sodium is a potent and orally active COX-1/2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 18 nM and 26 nM, respectively. It possesses anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-infective activities and is widely used in research on cancer, inflammation, and viral infections. Additionally, it can be used to establish gastric ulcer animal models.

Alloferon 1 is a peptide with both antiviral and antitumor activities. It is capable of stimulating natural cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, inducing the synthesis of interferon (IFN), and enhancing host resistance against viruses and tumors in mouse models. Additionally, Alloferon 1 exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in a λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema model. Alloferon 1 can be isolated from the blood of the dipteran blowfly Calliphora vicina.

Emodin (Standard) is a reference standard of emodin used for quantitative analysis, quality control, and biochemical studies. Emodin is an anthraquinone natural compound with multiple biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. It inhibits targets such as Casein kinase 2 and 11β-HSD1. In vitro studies have reported that emodin can interfere with the interaction between SARS-related viral spike proteins and ACE2, and animal studies suggest potential beneficial effects on metabolic disorders.

Cyanidin 3-sambubioside chloride (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving Cyanidin 3-sambubioside chloride. Cyanidin 3-sambubioside chloride (Cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside chloride) is a plant-derived anthocyanin, an inhibitor of NO and H274Y mutations, and an inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase.Cyanidin 3- sambubioside chloride has anti-inflammatory properties. sambubioside chloride has antioxidant, antiangiogenic and antiviral activities and inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, which can be used in the study of viral infections and cardiovascular diseases.

Parthenolide (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving Parthenolide. Parthenolide ((-)-Parthenolide) is a natural sesquiterpene lactone that is an NF-κB inhibitor and also specifically inhibits HDAC1 protein, but is inactive against other class I/II HDACs. Parthenolide has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-viral activities.

Cyanidin 3-sambubioside chloride (Cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside chloride) is a plant-derived anthocyanin, an inhibitor of NO and H274Y mutations, and an inhibitor of influenza neuraminidase.Cyanidin 3- sambubioside chloride has anti-inflammatory properties. sambubioside chloride has antioxidant, antiangiogenic and antiviral activities and inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, which can be used in the study of viral infections and cardiovascular diseases.

Foryshiyanine A is a triterpenoid alkaloid with notable biological activities. It exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting β-glucuronidase release from rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Additionally, Foryshiyanine A demonstrates antiviral activity, with an EC50 value of 4.5 μM against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and an IC50 value of 7.3 μM against the influenza A H1N1 virus. It reduces viral load by interfering with viral replication and entry, making it useful for studying inflammation and infection.

Ermanin, a flavonoid isolated from Tanacetum microphyllum, inhibits platelet aggregation and exhibits anti-tuberculosis, anti-viral/bacterial, and potential anti-HIV-1 activities. It has anti-inflammatory properties through the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression and is effective at lower concentrations in inhibiting Dione juno larvae.

Schisantherin C is a lignan-derived natural product with a characteristic dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan skeleton. In studies related to chronic viral hepatitis, it has been shown to reduce serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and exhibit certain hepatoprotective effects. Schisantherin C also exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. It inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and alleviates β-amyloid and homocysteine-induced neuronal damage by regulating oxidative stress and apoptosis-related signaling pathways. It is commonly used in studies on the pharmacological mechanisms of hepatoprotection and the central nervous system.

Kobophenol A is an oligostilbene natural product derived from plants with multi-target biological activities. Studies suggest that Kobophenol A may interfere with the interaction between ACE2 and the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD), potentially inhibiting viral entry. In addition, Kobophenol A has been reported to exhibit modulatory or inhibitory activity against Protein kinase C.

Xanthan gum is a hydrophilic polysaccharide produced by the fermentation of Aeromonas spp. It possesses a variety of anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, and immunomodulatory activities, and is capable of stimulating the in vitro expansion of CIK cells.