anti-ischemic

YM-244769 dihydrochloride is an effective inhibitor of Na+/Ca2+ exchange 3 (NCX3) with an IC50 of 18 nM. YM-244769 dihydrochloride has efficient protective effects on neurons and kidneys.

YM-244769 (3-Pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3-aminophenyl)methyl]-6-[4-[(3-fluorophenyl)methoxy]phenoxy]-) is an effective inhibitor of Na+/Ca2+ exchange 3 (NCX3) with an IC50 of 18 nM. YM-244769 has efficient protective effects on neurons and kidneys.

Aplodan (creatinol-O-phosphate) exhibits antiischemic and antiarrhythmic capacity and protective action on the cell membrane. Aplodan can be used in research on the ischemic heart or ischemic heart disease with persistent ventricular premature beats.

TRC051384 is a heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) inducer that reduces stroke-associated neuronal damage and increases survival in a rat model of transient ischemic stroke, activates heat shock factor-1 and leads to elevated molecular chaperone and anti-inflammatory activity, and enhances Hsp72 expression in neurons and glial cells.

CERM-11956 is a beprudil derivative and an anti-ischemic agent with Ca2+ cardioprotective effects and induces negative inotropic effects.

G256 HCl has antiarrhythmic and anti-ischemic activity.

Trimetazidine dihydrochloride (Vastarel F) can improve myocardial glucose utilization by inhibiting fatty acid metabolism. Trimetazidine is the first cytoprotective anti-ischemic agent, also used as a vasodilator in ischemic heart disease or angina.

4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (P-Methylolphenol) exhibits beneficial effects in cerebral ischemic injury, has neuroprotective effect through upregulation of Nrf2, Prdx6, and PDI expression via the PI3K/Akt pathway. 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol inhibit the development of new blood vessels by targeting multiple mechanisms of the angiogenic process, may as a promising candidate for the establishment of anti-angiogenic treatment strategies in cancer therapy.

1. trans-Cinnamaldehyde (Phenylacrolein) exhibits excellent anti-inflammatory activities and antidepressant-like effects in stressed mid-aged rats as a COX-2 inhibitor. 2. Cinnamic aldehyde induces apoptosis of CML cells in vitro, down-regulation of the expression and function of BCR-ABL may be one of its most important anti-leukemia mechanisms. 3. Cinnamic aldehyde and cinnamic acid are cardioprotective in a rat model of ischemic myocardial injury, the mechanism is related to anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.

Trapidil (Avantrin) is a coronary vasodilator agent. It was originally developed as a vasodilator and anti-platelet agent and has been used to treat patients with ischemic coronary heart, liver, and kidney disease.

FCPR03 is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) with IC50s of 31 nM, 47 nM, and 60 nM for PDE4B1, PDE4D7, and PDE4 catalytic domain, respectively. FCPR03 has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant-like effects.

Dopropidil is a new anti-angina pectoris calcium regulator, which has intracellular calcium antagonist activity and anti-ischemic effects in various predicted animal models.

Levocarnitine propionate (L-Propionylcarnitine) is a propionyl-coenzyme A (Pro-CoA) derivative with anti-ischemic effects and high affinity for muscle L-carnitine transferase. Levocarnitine propionate enhances substrate oxidation and mitochondrial respiration in the heart of diabetic rats, reduces gastric ulcer area, induces mucosal recovery, and can be used to study acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic gastric ulcers in Alzheimer's disease.

Neuroprotective agent 8 (compound AA-9) is an orally active neuroprotective agent that functions through antioxidant stress reduction and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. In a rat model of MCAO ischemic stroke, it activates PGC-1α and inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome.

TRPM2-IN-1 (compound D10) is a potent inhibitor of TRPM2, exhibiting anti-stroke activity and significant neuroprotective effects. It is useful for research related to ischemic stroke.

Trimetazidine is a non-haemodynamic antianginal agent that selectively inhibits the mitochondrial enzyme 3-ketoacyl coenzyme A thiolase (LC 3-KAT), thereby preventing β-oxidation of free fatty acids, with an IC50 value of 75 nM. Trimetazidine prevents ischaemia-reperfusion injury by altering cardiac metabolism, exhibiting antioxidant and anti-ischaemic effects.

KF 14124 exhibits potent anti-ischemic activity in a lysine-vasopressin-induced angina pectoris model (rats).

R 59494 is a novel anti-ischemic molecule.

Oxysophoridine (Sophoridine N-oxide) has a protective effect on focal cerebral ischemic injury through antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms; it may be a potential neuroprotective agent for cerebral ischemia injury, that the effect may be due to its ability to inhibit oxidative stress and expression of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR1.Oxysophoridine ameliorates cardiac damage in a rat model of AMI and that this cardioprotection may be linked with its anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Nirudipine is a double (2-propoxyethyl) analogist of nifedipine and a calcium channel blocker, which is also a safe anti-angina Ca2+ antagonist with a broad range of efficacy for all types of angina. At the same time, Niludipine is a highly effective drug

Clopidogrel is an antithrombic compound whose active metabolite is a selective, irreversible antagonist of the platelet purinergic P2Y12 receptor (IC50 = 100 nM). Clopidogrel inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo and functions as a prodrug whereupon biotransformation to its active metabolite via CYP2C19 in the liver enables its anti-aggregating activity. Marketed under the name Plavix , clopidogrel in combination with aspirin has been shown to be beneficial in the prevention of vascular ischemic events for patients without deficiencies in CYP2C19-related metabolism.

1. Cornuside (Comuside) has immunomodulatory activity . 2. Cornuside suppresses expression levels of cytokine-induced proinflammatory and adhesion molecules in the human endothelial cells. 3. Cornuside can treat myocardial I/R and protect the liver from CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity, by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory responses. 4. Cornuside has anti-inflammatory activity by downregulations of iNOS and COX-2 due to NF-κB inhibition as well as the negative regulation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK1/2 phosphorylations in RAW 264.7 cells. 5. Cornuside has protective potential against cerebral ischemic injury, may be due to the suppression of intracellular Ca(2+) elevation and caspase-3 activity, and improvements in mitochondrial energy metabolism and antioxidant properties.

F 15845 is a potent and persistent blocker of the sodium current. It possesses cardioprotective properties and exhibits both anti-ischemic activity and short- and long-term cardioprotection following myocardial infarction. Furthermore, F 15845 finds utility in the investigation of myocardial functional impairment [1].

Tanshinol borneol ester, an angiogenesis stimulator, enhances multiple critical phases of angiogenesis via the Akt and MAPK signaling pathways and exhibits anti-ischemic and anti-atherosclerosis properties [1].