anti-ischemic

Aplodan (creatinol-O-phosphate) exhibits antiischemic and antiarrhythmic capacity and protective action on the cell membrane. Aplodan can be used in research on the ischemic heart or ischemic heart disease with persistent ventricular premature beats.

YM-244769 dihydrochloride is an effective inhibitor of Na+/Ca2+ exchange 3 (NCX3) with an IC50 of 18 nM. YM-244769 dihydrochloride has efficient protective effects on neurons and kidneys.

YM-244769 (3-Pyridinecarboxamide, N-[(3-aminophenyl)methyl]-6-[4-[(3-fluorophenyl)methoxy]phenoxy]-) is an effective inhibitor of Na+/Ca2+ exchange 3 (NCX3) with an IC50 of 18 nM. YM-244769 has efficient protective effects on neurons and kidneys.

TRC051384 is a heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) inducer that reduces stroke-associated neuronal damage and increases survival in a rat model of transient ischemic stroke, activates heat shock factor-1 and leads to elevated molecular chaperone and anti-inflammatory activity, and enhances Hsp72 expression in neurons and glial cells.

CERM-11956 is a beprudil derivative and an anti-ischemic agent with Ca2+ cardioprotective effects and induces negative inotropic effects.

G256 HCl has antiarrhythmic and anti-ischemic activity.

(Rac)-G 256 HCl is an amidinohydrazone cardiovascular compound and is the racemic dihydrochloride form of G 256. (Rac)-G 256 HCl exhibits significant antiarrhythmic and anti-ischemic activity. (Rac)-G 256 HCl can be used in the study of pathological mechanisms and drug screening for cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial ischemia.

Trimetazidine dihydrochloride (Vastarel F) can improve myocardial glucose utilization by inhibiting fatty acid metabolism. Trimetazidine is the first cytoprotective anti-ischemic agent, also used as a vasodilator in ischemic heart disease or angina.

4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol (P-Methylolphenol) exhibits beneficial effects in cerebral ischemic injury, has neuroprotective effect through upregulation of Nrf2, Prdx6, and PDI expression via the PI3K/Akt pathway. 4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol inhibit the development of new blood vessels by targeting multiple mechanisms of the angiogenic process, may as a promising candidate for the establishment of anti-angiogenic treatment strategies in cancer therapy.

1. trans-Cinnamaldehyde (Phenylacrolein) exhibits excellent anti-inflammatory activities and antidepressant-like effects in stressed mid-aged rats as a COX-2 inhibitor. 2. Cinnamic aldehyde induces apoptosis of CML cells in vitro, down-regulation of the expression and function of BCR-ABL may be one of its most important anti-leukemia mechanisms. 3. Cinnamic aldehyde and cinnamic acid are cardioprotective in a rat model of ischemic myocardial injury, the mechanism is related to anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.

Trapidil (Avantrin) is a coronary vasodilator agent. It was originally developed as a vasodilator and anti-platelet agent and has been used to treat patients with ischemic coronary heart, liver, and kidney disease.

FCPR03 is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) with IC50s of 31 nM, 47 nM, and 60 nM for PDE4B1, PDE4D7, and PDE4 catalytic domain, respectively. FCPR03 has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant-like effects.

Indole-2-carboxylic acid is an indole carboxylic acid compound with multi-target biological activity, exhibiting neuroprotective, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. Indole-2-carboxylic acid is a competitive antagonist at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor (Ki = 15 μM). Indole-2-carboxylic acid specifically inhibits the potentiating effect of glycine on NMDA-gated currents, blocking the neurotoxicity caused by excessive NMDA receptor activation, and can be used in research on the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cerebral ischemic injury. Indole-2-carboxylic acid is also an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor; it interferes with the integration of viral DNA into the host genome and can be used in the development of anti-HIV drugs.

Dopropidil is a new anti-angina pectoris calcium regulator, which has intracellular calcium antagonist activity and anti-ischemic effects in various predicted animal models.

Levocarnitine propionate (L-Propionylcarnitine) is a propionyl-coenzyme A (Pro-CoA) derivative with anti-ischemic effects and high affinity for muscle L-carnitine transferase. Levocarnitine propionate enhances substrate oxidation and mitochondrial respiration in the heart of diabetic rats, reduces gastric ulcer area, induces mucosal recovery, and can be used to study acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic gastric ulcers in Alzheimer's disease.

OBA-09 (2-oxopropanoyloxy benzoic acid) is a novel multimodal neuroprotectant synthesized as a hybrid of salicylic acid and pyruvate. Designed to synergize the anti-inflammatory properties of salicylic acid with the metabolic support and antioxidant capacity of pyruvate, OBA-09 combats ischemic brain injury effectively. It exhibits potent radical scavenging activity against superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, it attenuates post-ischemic inflammation by inhibiting the NF-kB signaling pathway and the release of HMGB1. In stroke models, OBA-09 significantly reduces infarct volume and improves neurological scores.

Neuroprotective agent 8 (compound AA-9) is an orally active neuroprotective agent that functions through antioxidant stress reduction and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. In a rat model of MCAO ischemic stroke, it activates PGC-1α and inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome.

TRPM2-IN-1 (compound D10) is a potent inhibitor of TRPM2, exhibiting anti-stroke activity and significant neuroprotective effects. It is useful for research related to ischemic stroke.

NPB-1575 is a potent, orally active anti-inflammatory agent capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. It mitigates neuroinflammation and resists ferroptosis by activating IRS2/Nrf2/NF-κB. NPB-1575 protects against cerebral ischemic injury and improves neurological function outcomes, making it suitable for research in focal ischemic stroke.

P2Y1 antagonist 2 (Compound 19) is a P2Y1 receptor antagonist with an IC50 of 0.49 μM. It exhibits significant anti-platelet aggregation activity by inhibiting the P2Y1 receptor. Additionally, this compound elevates nuclear Nrf2 protein levels, showing neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress damage. P2Y1 antagonist 2 effectively reduces cerebral infarction size and improves neurological function, making it useful for ischemic stroke research.

RIPK1-IN-33 is an orally active RIPK1 inhibitor with excellent blood-brain barrier permeability, exhibiting an IC50 of 0.115 μM. It demonstrates significant anti-ferroptosis activity, radical scavenging capability (IC50= 123.3 μM), and anti-lipid peroxidation effects (IC50= 9.72 μM). In transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) models, it significantly reduces cerebral infarct volume and improves neurological scores. RIPK1-IN-33 is suitable for ischemic stroke research.

Ivabradine sulfate is an effective and orally active HCN (hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated) channel blocker that inhibits the cardiac pacemaker current (If). It reduces heart rate in a dose-dependent manner without affecting blood pressure. Additionally, Ivabradine sulfate exhibits anticonvulsant, anti-ischemic, and anti-anginal properties.

Glutathione trisulfide (GSSSG) is a potent neuroprotective agent with anti-inflammatory properties. It inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory gene expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells through excessive activation of the ERK signaling pathway, independently of the NRF2/HMOX1 pathway. GSSSG is applicable in research on neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic spinal cord injury (SCI).

Trimetazidine is a non-haemodynamic antianginal agent that selectively inhibits the mitochondrial enzyme 3-ketoacyl coenzyme A thiolase (LC 3-KAT), thereby preventing β-oxidation of free fatty acids, with an IC50 value of 75 nM. Trimetazidine prevents ischaemia-reperfusion injury by altering cardiac metabolism, exhibiting antioxidant and anti-ischaemic effects.